Grade C Periodontitis in a Young Patient.

The purpose of this report is to discuss the case of a four-year-old African-American girl who presented with clinical and radiographic evidence of localized stage III grade C periodontitis. She had no history of systemic disease or caries. Treatment consisted of oral hygiene instructions, extraction of unsalvageable teeth, full-mouth debridement with the use of systemic antibiotics and subsequent periodontal maintenance care.

Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis in Young Adults: What Have We Learned So Far?

Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) is a disease that affects specific teeth with an early onset and aggressive progression. It occurs in systemically healthy patients, mostly African descendants, at an early age, with familial involvement, minimal biofilm accumulation, and minor inflammation. Severe and rapidly progressive bone loss is observed around the first molars and incisors.

Evaluation of microbiome in primary and permanent dentition in grade C periodontitis in young individuals.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiome in patients with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) affecting the primary or permanent dentitions.

Methods: DNA was isolated from subgingival biofilm samples from diseased and healthy sites from 45 C-MIP patients and subjected to phylogenetic microarray analysis. C-MIP sites were compared between children affected in the primary to those affected in the permanent dentitions.

The protective role of CD73 in periodontitis: preventing hyper-inflammatory fibroblasts and driving osteoclast energy metabolism.

Introduction: Periodontitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult population and is the leading cause of tooth loss in the United States. The role of extracellular nucleotide signaling including nucleotide metabolizing enzyme CD73 adds an important layer of interaction of purine mediators capable of orchestrating inflammatory outcomes. CD73 is able to catabolize 5'-adenosine monophosphate into adenosine at the extracellular level, playing a critical role in regulating many processes under physiological and pathological conditions.

Pattern of grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis in families.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and inflammatory response patterns for individual siblings diagnosed with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) and between the related siblings within families.

Methods: Sixty-nine siblings within 28 families with moderate-to-severe C-MIP were included. Clinical parameters were evaluated for symmetry regarding the affected type of teeth, side and/or arch, and bone loss pattern.

Dysbiotic relationship between arthritis and the oral-gut microbiome. A critical review.

Arthritis and prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) overall are associated with reduced quality of life and limited work capacity. Multiple, overlapping factors contribute to these conditions. Some investigations have suggested a dysbiotic association between the oral-gut microbiome and pathogenesis of arthritis and PJIs.

Open flap debridement compared to repeated applications of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of residual pockets: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare repeated applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to open flap debridement (OFD) in the treatment of residual periodontal pockets in non-furcation sites.

Methods: Forty-six subjects with a diagnosis of Stage III or IV Grade C periodontitis, that had been previously treated, participated in the study.  Residual pockets were divided between two groups: (1) aPDT group: received ultrasonic periodontal debridement followed by immediate application of aPDT, and repeated on1st, 2nd, 7th, and 14th days; and (2) OFD group: treated by modified papilla preservation technique, where granulation tissue and visible calculus were removed with hand curettes and an ultrasonic device.

Gender differences in immunological response of African-American juveniles with Grade C molar incisor pattern periodontitis.

Background: Prevalence of Grade C molar incisor periodontitis (C/MIP) in females (F) and males (M) is controversial, although some studies suggest higher prevalence in females. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical parameters, and levels of cyto/chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peripheral blood response.

Methods: GCF and blood were collected from 79 C/MIP African-American participants (53F and 26 M) and healthy controls (58F and 38 M), aged 5 to 23.

Evaluating True Barriers to Dental Care for Patients with Periodontal Disease.

Background: The cost of care is often reported as a primary reason why patients fail to seek dental treatment; however, this may not the only component.

Aims/objectives: To examine an underserved population's perspective on the importance of dental care and barriers they face to seek treatment. The effectiveness of compliance incentives, such as gift cards, was also examined.

Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on periodontal practice: A questionnaire survey.

Aim: This cross-sectional study sought to investigate the factors possibly related to the impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the practice of periodontists, in two countries.

Materials And Methods: A total of 254 periodontists with active periodontics licensing in Brazil and the United States participated in the survey. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and the dependent variable was the perceived impact of the pandemic on periodontists' practice routines.

Periodontal health and disease: The contribution of genetics.

Periodontitis is an infectious, inflammatory disease that is associated with a complex interplay between specific bacteria, host response, and environmental factors. Because of its high degree of familial aggregation, specifically for the more aggressive forms of the disease, genetics factors have been implicated in disease pathogenesis for several decades. This review provides an overview of what we currently know regarding the genetic and epigenetic contributions to periodontal disease and discusses future opportunities in the field.

Treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis alters local host immunoinflammatory profiles: A long-term evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate the local immunoinflammatory profiles in localized aggressive periodontitis patients (LAP) before and after periodontal treatment and maintenance.

Methods: Sixty-six African-Americans with LAP (7-21 years old) were included. After periodontal examination, all patients received periodontal treatment with mechanical debridement plus systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole for 7 days.

The impact of a modified electronic probe tip design on patient perception of discomfort during periodontal probing using standardized probing force: A randomized controlled trial.

Aims: This study evaluated pain associated with electronic probing comparing two commercially available probe tip designs using standardized force.

Material And Methods: Twenty adult patients with slight-moderate chronic periodontitis received periodontal probing using controlled-force electronic probe at 2 visits. In visit 1, a random arch was probed with either a ball-end (0.

Association of P2RX7 functional variants with localized aggressive periodontitis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate involvement of the P2X7 receptor in the rare condition, localized aggressive periodontitis.

Material And Methods: Peripheral blood from 220 African Americans (103 with localized aggressive periodontitis and 117 healthy unrelated controls) was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from E coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis. P2RX7 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs208294 (H155Y), rs1718119 (T348A), rs2230911 (T357S) and rs3751143 (E496A) were genotyped in 103 localized aggressive periodontitis patients and 117 healthy unrelated subjects.

Is Peri-Implantitis Curable?

Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are clinically associated with inflammation of soft tissue around implants; however, peri-implantitis is associated with radiographic bone loss. Recently a new classification scheme-peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis, and peri-implant soft-tissue and hard-tissue deficiencies-was introduced. Although various clinical interventions to treat peri-implant diseases have been suggested, early diagnosis and treatment is the key to successful outcomes.

Consistent and reproducible long-term in vitro growth of health and disease-associated oral subgingival biofilms.

Background: Several in vitro oral biofilm growth systems can reliably construct oral microbiome communities in culture, yet their stability and reproducibility through time has not been well characterized. Long-term in vitro growth of natural biofilms would enable use of these biofilms in both in vitro and in vivo studies that require complex microbial communities with minimal variation over a period of time. Understanding biofilm community dynamics in continuous culture, and whether they maintain distinct signatures of health and disease, is necessary to determine the reliability and applicability of such models to broader studies.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Peri-Implant and Kinesiograph Parameters in Wearers of One-or Two-Implant Mandibular Overdentures.

Purpose: The present randomized clinical trial compared the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), peri-implant parameters, mandible movements, and maxillary complete denture movement during chewing between wearers of single- (1-IOD) and wearers of two-implant overdentures (2-IODs) for a period of 12 months.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one complete denture wearers were randomly allocated into two parallel groups: 1-IOD (n = 11) or 2-IODs (n = 10). The validated Brazilian version of the OHIP-EDENT was used to evaluate the OHRQoL.

Clinical Characteristics of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis in Primary Dentition.

Objectives: Due to the low prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), clinical characteristics of LAP in primary dentition are derived from a few case reports/series in the literature. The goal of this study was to determine common clinical characteristics such as bone and root resorption patterns, in a series of cases with LAP in primary dentition. We hypothesize these cases present aggressive periodontal bone destruction starting mostly around first primary molars and atypical root resorption patterns.

Non-Surgical Therapy Reduces Presence of JP2 Clone in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis.

Background: Previous studies have provided substantial evidence of the association of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and its highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype, with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP). The present study aims to evaluate presence of JP2 in individuals with LAgP after periodontal treatment.

Methods: Sixty African-American patients with LAgP, aged 5 to 25 years, were examined.

Clarithromycin as an Adjunct to One-Stage Full-Mouth Ultrasonic Periodontal Debridement in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the periodontal clinical and microbiologic responses and possible adverse effects of clarithromycin (CLM) combined with periodontal mechanical therapy in the treatment of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Methods: Forty patients were selected and randomly assigned into one of two groups: 1) CLM (n = 20): one-stage full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with CLM (500 mg, every 12 hours for 3 days); and 2) placebo (n = 20): FMUD associated with placebo pills. Clinical and microbiologic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Long-term clinical response to treatment and maintenance of localized aggressive periodontitis: a cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate long-term clinical response to periodontal therapy and maintenance in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP).

Materials And Methods: One hundred forty-one African Americans diagnosed with LAP, aged 5-25 years, were enrolled. Patients underwent periodontal mechanical debridement plus 1 week of amoxicillin/metronidazole.

Systemic inflammatory responses in patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis.

Objective: The objective of this case-control study was to quantify the immune responsiveness in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared with patients without diabetes (NT2D) diagnosed with periodontitis.

Research Design And Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 20 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis (10 T2D, 10 NT2D). Blood samples were stimulated with ultrapure Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours.

Wellness Among Dental Students: An Institutional Study.

The high prevalence of distress among health professionals during their education has fostered increased interest in the study of student well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived wellness of dental students and determine the relationship between factors affecting wellness and demographic variables. An online questionnaire was distributed to 334 first-through fourth-year dental students at one U.

Localized aggressive periodontitis immune response to healthy and diseased subgingival plaque.

Aim: The objective of this case-control study was to compare the inflammatory response of peripheral blood from localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) patients when stimulated with healthy or diseased plaque samples.

Materials And Methods: Whole blood and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 13 LAP subjects, 14 siblings of LAP subjects and six periodontally healthy individuals. Whole blood was stimulated for 24 h with plaque samples generated from healthy or diseased sites.