Gut microbiota interactions with the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in normal individuals.

Background: Due to immunomodulatory properties, vitamin D status has been implicated in several diseases beyond the skeletal disorders. There is evidence that its deficiency deteriorates the gut barrier favoring translocation of endotoxins into the circulation and systemic inflammation. Few studies investigated whether the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic disorders would be mediated by the gut microbiota composition.

Lifestyle intervention using the psychoeducational approach is associated with greater cardiometabolic benefits and retention of individuals with worse health status.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two lifestyle intervention programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention - traditional or interdisciplinary psychoeducation-based intervention - in daily habits and cardiometabolic risk factors and investigate the role of the psychoeducational approach for the retention of individuals in the program.

Subjects And Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, in a public health service, 183 pre-diabetic individuals were allocated to two 18-month interventions involving diet and physical activity. Physical activity, diet, quality of life (QOL) and depression and biochemical measurements were obtained.

Nutritionists' Health Study cohort: a web-based approach of life events, habits and health outcomes.

Introduction: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) represent a burden for public health. Alongside the established cardiometabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, living habits and nutritional status at different stages of life are seen as contributors to this scenario. Gut microbiota composition and subclinical inflammation have been pointed out as underlying mechanisms of NCCDs.