Vesicoureteral Reflux in Transplanted Kidney Among Children With Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract: Case-Control Study Assessing Impact on Renal Function and Graft Survival.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a common cause of kidney failure in childhood. Renal transplantation is the modality of treatment used for kidney failure that promotes improved quality of life for pediatric patients. It is believed that patients with CAKUT are more predisposed to developing graft reflux in the post-transplant period, but its influence on graft survival is poorly understood.

Strategy to Enable and Accelerate Kidney Transplant in Small Children and Results of the First 130 Transplants in Children ≤15 kg in a Single Center.

Background: Proper care of young children in need of kidney transplant (KT) requires many skilled professionals and an expensive hospital structure. Small children have lesser access to KT.

Methods: We describe a strategy performed in Brazil to enable and accelerate KT in children ≤15 kg based on the establishment of one specialized transplant center, focused on small children, and cooperating with distant centers throughout the country.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome newly affects 1-3 per 100,000 children per year. Approximately 85% of cases show complete remission of proteinuria following glucocorticoid treatment. Patients who do not achieve complete remission within 4-6 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment have steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).

Is Preoperative Preparation Time a Barrier to Small Children Being Ready for Kidney Transplantation?

Background: Small children are less frequently transplanted when compared with older. The objective of the present study was to compare the preparation time for transplantation in children of different weights and to identify factors associated with a delay in the workup of small children.

Methods: We report on a retrospective cohort comprising all children referred for renal transplantation (RTx) workup between 2009 and 2017.

Collaborative Brazilian pediatric renal transplant registry (CoBrazPed-RTx): A report from 2004 to 2018.

The Brazilian collaborative registry for pediatric renal transplantation began in 2004 as a multicenter initiative aimed at analyzing, reporting, and disseminating the results of pediatric renal transplantation in Brazil. Data from all pediatric renal transplants performed from January 2004 to May 2018 at the 13 participating centers were analyzed. A total of 2744 pediatric renal transplants were performed in the thirteen participating centers.

Genetics of Nephrotic Syndrome Presenting in Childhood: Core Curriculum 2019.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most challenging conditions to manage and treat, partly because we lack a specific molecular understanding of its pathogenesis and progression. This limits our ability to provide targeted therapy or precise prognostications. Fortunately, genomic discovery in NS and its translation to genomic-informed medicine is allowing us to improve our understanding of the molecular anatomy of NS and our ability to care for patients with NS.

Cost analysis of substitutive renal therapies in children.

Objective: End-stage renal disease is a health problem that consumes public and private resources. This study aimed to identify the cost of hemodialysis (either daily or conventional hemodialysis) and transplantation in children and adolescents.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of pediatric patients with End-stage renal disease who underwent hemodialysis followed by kidney transplant.

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Brazilian Children With Nephrotic Syndrome Submitted to Renal Transplant.

Background: The aims of this study were to identify the genetic mutations profile in Brazilian children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to determine a genotype-phenotype correlation in this disease.

Methods: Next-generation sequencing and mutation analysis were performed on 24 genes related to NS in a cross-sectional study involving 95 children who underwent kidney transplantation due to NS, excluding congenital cases.

Results: A total of 149 variants were identified in 22 of 24 sequenced genes.

Serum Endocan Levels Associated with Hypertension and Loss of Renal Function in Pediatric Patients after Two Years from Renal Transplant.

Endocan is an important biomarker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that increases in association with several chronic diseases. Few published data have described the role of endocan in pediatric renal transplant (RT) patients. We evaluated the endocan concentrations in 62 children who underwent renal transplantation and assessed their relationships with the patients' blood pressure and loss of renal function.

Vascular anastomosis for paediatric renal transplantation and new strategy in low-weight children.

The technical aspects of RT in low-weight children should be specific, particularly with regard to VA. This retrospective study assesses the main VA options in paediatric RTs and proposes a new strategy for renal artery trajectory when using the Ao and the right iVC. The sample included 81 patients and was categorized into a group of children weighing <16 kg and the other group of children weighing 16 kg or more.

Does graft mass impact on pediatric kidney transplant outcomes?

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of renal size and function in pediatric transplant patients according to the graft mass/recipient size ratio.

Methods: Fifty pediatric renal transplant recipients were followed over 2 years. Grafts were weighed, and three different graft mass/m(2) ratios were determined: (1) low graft mass (58 g/m(2), range 31-57 g/m(2)), (2) median (142 g/m(2), range 59-141 g/m(2)) and high (267 g/m(2), range 143-353 g/m(2)).

Estimated prevalence of childhood end-stage renal disease in the state of São Paulo.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of pediatric end-stage renal disease and evaluate demographics and renal disease characteristics in state of São Paulo over the year 2008.

Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study based on a population sample with subjects < 18 years. The data collecting assumed three forms: 1.

A one year prospective comparison of kidney growth and function in children recipients of grafts from children and adults.

Background: Renal grafts have demonstrated capacity to adapt to the recipient. The aim of this study was to assess the growth of renal grafts transplanted to children, during the first year posttransplant.

Methods: We conducted a 1 year prospective study comparing the growth of renal grafts from children and adults donors transplanted in children, and correlated this growth with graft function.

Assessment of factors determining graft size in transplant of cadaver kidneys from child donors.

Background: Kidneys from child donors are very efficient at adapting to the recipient organism. This research aims to verify the size of kidney grafts from pediatric donors after transplant and to identify factors responsible for the size attained by these kidneys. Moreover, it aims to seek relationships between size and function of the transplanted pediatric kidney.