Why is HSO so effective against bacteria? Insights into the mechanisms of Escherichia coli disinfection by unactivated peroxymonosulfate.

This study examined the antimicrobial efficacy of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) against bacteria, using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a model organism. Our investigation delineates the complex mechanisms exerted by unactivated PMS.

Metal- and base-free, aerobic photoredox catalysis with riboflavin to synthesize 2-substituted benzothiazoles.

Sustainable approaches for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles are sought after for their use in organic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and industrial applications. Here, we described a visible light-driven photoredox catalytic cyclization of thioanilides to afford 2-substituted benzothiazoles using riboflavin as a photocatalyst, where oxygen is used as a clean oxidant and ethanol as a greener solvent. These results provide a new photochemical route for environmentally benign synthesis.

Linker-Assisted CdS-TiO Nanohybrids as Reusable Visible Light Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids.

A variety of phenols have been obtained in aqueous media with moderate to excellent chemical yields (≤100%) by using arylboronic acids and esters as substrates, a robust CdS-TiO nanohybrid as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, visible light irradiation (467 nm), and an O-saturated atmosphere. The nanohybrid was prepared through a linker-assisted methodology that uses mercapto alkanoic acids as the organic linkers. The nanohybrid showed improved photocatalytic activity in the hydroxylation of substituted arylboronic acids and phenyl boronic esters compared with that of pristine CdS quantum dots.

Photochemical C-H bond thiocyanation and selenocyanation of activated arenes, batch and continuous-flow approaches.

Herein, we report an eco-friendly photochemical oxidative C-H thiocyanation and selenocyanation of activated arenes. The reaction proceeds under Violet LED irradiation in the presence of KSO, which quickly oxidizes KSCN and KSeCN, finally producing arylthio/selenocyanates. Using this benign, atom-economic protocol, the desired chalcogenide products were obtained regioselectively, with isolated yields that range from very good to excellent.

Highly Water-Stable Polymer-Perovskite Nanocomposites.

The excellent performance of hybrid metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) contrasts with their unsatisfactory stability in a high-humidity environment or water. Herein, polymer composite lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) NCs were prepared by casting or spin-coating to produce a high fluorescence yield and a fully water-resistant material. Poly(l-lactide) (PLla), polypropylene glycol (PPGly), and polysulfone (PSU) commercial polymers were used to prepare suspensions of MAPbBr-HDA NCs (MA: CHNH; HDA: hexadecylamine).

Mechanistic Insight into the Light-Triggered CuAAC Reaction: Does Any of the Photocatalyst Go?

The attainment of transition-metal catalysis and photoredox catalysis has represented a great challenge over the last years. Herein, we have been able to merge both catalytic processes into what we have called "the light-triggered CuAAC reaction". Particularly, the CuAAC reaction reveals opposite outcomes depending on the nature of the photocatalyst (eosin Y disodium salt and riboflavin tetraacetate) and additives (DABCO, EtN, and NaN) employed.

Diversity of variant alleles encoding Kidd, Duffy, and Kell antigens in individuals with sickle cell disease using whole genome sequencing data from the NHLBI TOPMed Program.

Background: Genetic variants in the SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes, which encode Kidd, Duffy, and Kell red blood cell antigens, respectively, may result in weakened expression of antigens or a null phenotype. These variants are of particular interest to individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), who frequently undergo chronic transfusion therapy with antigen-matched units. The goal was to describe the diversity and the frequency of variants in SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes among individuals with SCD using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data.

Riboflavin as Photoredox Catalyst in the Cyclization of Thiobenzanilides: Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles.

Benzothiazoles are synthesized from thiobenzanilides using riboflavin as a photosensitizer and potassium peroxydisulfate as a sacrificial oxidizing agent under visible light irradiation. The methodology accepts a broad range of functional groups and affords the 2-substituted benzothiazoles by transition-metal-free organic photoredox catalysis under very mild conditions.

The screening of rare blood donors in a highly admixed population: A new approach for Holley and Diego genotyping and impact of genomic and self-reported ancestry.

Objectives: The present study aimed to develop strategies for genotyping DO*HY (Dombrock system) and DI*A/DI*B (Diego system) alleles and to evaluate the impact of genomic and self-declared ancestry on rare donor screening in admixed populations.

Background: The antigens Hy and Di demonstrate clinical importance. The lack of antisera for the serological evaluation of these antigens makes it necessary to develop molecular methods.

Metal- and photocatalyst-free synthesis of 3-selenylindoles and asymmetric diarylselenides promoted by visible light.

A novel and sustainable procedure was developed for the synthesis of 3-selenylindoles employing diorganyl diselenides and indoles or electron-rich arenes as starting materials. Visible blue light was used to promote the reaction without employing transition metal complexes or organic photocatalysts as sensitizers. Additives such as strong oxidants or bases were not required.

A blockage monoclonal antibody protocol as an alternative strategy to avoid anti-CD38 interference in immunohematological testing.

Background: As CD38 is expressed on red blood cells (RBCs), the plasma of patients on daratumumab (DARA) reacts with the panel cells of pretransfusion tests, masking underlying alloantibodies. The treatment of RBCs with dithiothreitol (DTT) is the most disseminated method to overcome DARA effect on immunohematological tests, but it hampers the identification of potentially harmful antibodies. Our goal was to validate a new strategy, the blockage monoclonal antibody protocol (BMAP), to mitigate the DARA interference on RBCs using anti-CD38 and antihuman globulin.

Colloids of Naked CHNHPbBr Perovskite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stability, and Thin Solid Film Deposition.

A novel preparation of lead halide, CHNHPbBr, perovskite nanoparticle solid films from colloidal "naked" nanoparticles, that is, dispersible nanoparticles without any surfactant, is reported. The colloids are obtained by simply adding potassium ions, whose counterions are both more lipophilic and less coordinating than bromide ions, to the perovskite precursor solutions (CHNHBr/PbBr in dimethylformamide) following the reprecipitation strategy. The naked nanoparticles exhibit a low tendency to aggregate in solution, and they effectively self-assembled on a substrate by centrifugation of the colloid, leading to homogeneous nanoparticle solid films with arbitrary thickness.

Visible-light-driven methane formation from CO with a molecular iron catalyst.

Converting CO into fuel or chemical feedstock compounds could in principle reduce fossil fuel consumption and climate-changing CO emissions. One strategy aims for electrochemical conversions powered by electricity from renewable sources, but photochemical approaches driven by sunlight are also conceivable. A considerable challenge in both approaches is the development of efficient and selective catalysts, ideally based on cheap and Earth-abundant elements rather than expensive precious metals.

Dangerous universal donors: the reality of the Hemocentro in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.

Background: The term dangerous universal blood donor refers to potential agglutination of the erythrocytes of non-O recipients due to plasma of an O blood group donor, which contains high titers of anti-A and/or anti-B hemagglutinins. Thus, prior titration of anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins is recommended to prevent transfusion reactions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dangerous universal donors in the blood bank of Belo Horizonte (Fundação Central de Imuno-Hematologia - Fundação Hemominas - Minas Gerais) by determining the titers of anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins in O blood group donors.

Impact of a confirmatory RhD test on the correct serologic typing of blood donors.

Background: The RHD gene is highly polymorphic, which results in a large number of RhD variant phenotypes. Discrepancies in RhD typing are still a problem in blood banks and increase the risk of alloimmunization. In this study, the RhD typing strategy at a blood bank in Brazil was evaluated.

Nontemplate synthesis of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles.

To date, there is no example in the literature of free, nanometer-sized, organolead halide CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites. We report here the preparation of 6 nm-sized nanoparticles of this type by a simple and fast method based on the use of an ammonium bromide with a medium-sized chain that keeps the nanoparticles dispersed in a wide range of organic solvents. These nanoparticles can be maintained stable in the solid state as well as in concentrated solutions for more than three months, without requiring a mesoporous material.

Molecular analysis of the GYPB gene to infer S, s, and U phenotypes in an admixed population of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: To implement genotyping for S, s and U antigens of the MNS blood group system at the Fundação Hemominas and to evaluate the occurrence of GYPB gene polymorphisms associated with the U- and U+var phenotypes and deletion of the GYPB gene for the first time in an admixed population of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The S, s and U antigens can cause transfusion reactions and perinatal hemolytic disease. Genotyping is a useful tool in immunohematology, especially when phenotyping cannot be performed.

Alloimmunization screening after transfusion of red blood cells in a prospective study.

Background: Several irregular red blood cell alloantibodies, produced by alloimmunization of antigens in transfusions or pregnancies, have clinical importance because they cause hemolysis in the fetus and newborn and in transfused patients.

Objective: a prospective analysis of patients treated by the surgical and clinical emergency services of Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (HC/UFTM), Brazil was performed to correlate alloimmunization to clinical and epidemiological data.

Methods: Blood samples of 143 patients with initial negative antibody screening were collected at intervals for up to 15 months after the transfusion of packed red blood cells.

Nature of the chain propagation in the photostimulated reaction of 1-bromonaphthalene with sulfur-centered nucleophiles.

The reactivity of -SC(NH)NH2 (1), MeCOS- (2), and PhCOS- (3) toward 1-naphthyl radicals was studied in DMSO. The photostimulated reaction of anions 1, 2, and 3 with 1-bromonaphthalene (4) after quenching with MeI renders 1-(methylthio)naphthalene (6) as a main product together with bis(1-naphthyl) sulfide (7) and naphthalene (5). The thioacetate ion (2) and thiobenzoate ion (3) were unreactive toward 4 as electron-donor under photostimulation; however, in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide anion (entrainment conditions), they gave the mentioned products 5, 6, and 7, after the addition of MeI.

"One-pot" two-step synthesis of aryl sulfur compounds by photoinduced reactions of thiourea anion with aryl halides.

[reaction: see text]. The photoinduced reactions of aryl halides with the thiourea anion afford arene thiolate ions in DMSO. These species without isolation, and by a subsequent aliphatic nucleophilic substitution, S(RN)1 reaction, oxidation, or protonation, yield aryl methyl sulfides, diaryl sulfides, diaryl disulfides, and aryl thiols with good yields (50-80%).