Simulation training of caregivers at hospital discharge of patients with chronic diseases: an integrative review.

Objective: to identify evidence about the use and effects of clinical simulation for preparing caregivers for discharging patients with chronic conditions.

Methods: an integrative peer review in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ScienceDirect and Virtual Health Library databases, from July to September 2022.

Results: 3,218 studies were identified, with a final sample consisting of four national and two international articles.

Overcoming tobacco industry opposition to standardized packaging in the Americas.

Countries in the Region of the Americas have been slow to adopt standardized packaging of tobacco products. The objectives of this analysis are to report on the progress made in adopting such packaging in countries in the Region, review known tobacco industry strategies for opposing these policies and discuss the resources available to academics, advocates and policy-makers who might be interested in advancing the use of standardized packaging in the Region. Of the 23 countries worldwide that have fully adopted standardized packaging laws, only 2 are in the Region (Canada and Uruguay).

First case report of monkeypox in Brazil: clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis with sexually transmitted infections.

In 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox is being reported in non-endemic areas, with unusual clinical manifestations. The detailed clinical description of the first patient that received the diagnosis of monkeypox in Brazil is reported here, whose clinical manifestations can easily lead to misdiagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. A 41 years old male presented to an emergency room with a vesicular rash with eight days of evolution.

More Pain, More Gain! The Delivery of COVID-19 Vaccines and the Pharmaceutical Industry's Role in Widening the Access Gap.

Background: An effective response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic entails a comprehensive strategy that ensures equitable access to all COVID-19-fighting technologies. To achieve this goal, the international community has acknowledged immunization as a public good. However, a trend of grossly unequal dose distribution emerged, owing, among other factors, to pharmaceutical companies' profit-driven actions, jeopardizing the mechanisms built to increase vaccine access.

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of the first case of monkeypox virus in Brazil, 2022.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic virus endemic to the African continent, has been reported in 33 non-endemic countries since May 2022. We report an almost complete genome of the first confirmed case of MPXV in Brazil. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was completed in 18 hours, from DNA extraction to consensus sequence generation.

Neurological manifestations in people living with HIV/AIDS in the late cART era: a prospective observational study at a tertiary healthcare center in São Paulo, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, spectrum, in-hospital mortality rate, and factors associated with death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) presenting with neurological diseases from a middle-income country, as well as estimate its one-year global death rate.This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a Brazilian tertiary health center between January and July 2017. HIV-infected patients above 18 years of age who were admitted due to neurological complaints were consecutively included.

Teen-dating violence: conception of adolescents in a Brazilian metropolis.

Background: Teen-dating violence (TDV) can lead to health problems for those involved, especially females, including homicides and is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood.

Methods: To analyze the adolescents' perception of definitions, justifications and consequences of TDV, a qualitative study through 13 focus groups with 132 high school students from public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro city, including 70 girls and 62 boys was conducted. We followed a guide with questions about interpersonal violence and participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic data.

Dilemmas in the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

The article analyzes some dilemmas related to the implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, underscoring the States parties' difficulties in adopting public policies with proven cost-benefit and aimed at reducing tobacco's supply and demand. Specifically, the article examines the recommendation to adopt policies for plain cigarette packaging, as provided in the guidelines for implementation of the Convention's Articles 11 and 13. Based on case analysis, we identified political and legal factors that hinder the Convention's implementation, including the regulatory chill produced by legal claims filed by the tobacco industry, which uses investor-State arbitration clauses from bilateral investment agreements.

Efficacy of sofosbuvir as treatment for yellow fever: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Brazil (SOFFA study).

Introduction: An ongoing outbreak of yellow fever (YF) has been reported in Brazil with 1261 confirmed cases and 409 deaths since July 2017. To date, there is no specific treatment available for YF. Recently published papers describing in vitro and animal models suggest a potential effect of antiviral drugs (approved for the treatment of hepatitis virus) against flaviviruses, including YF.

Postnatal development of pups from nursing rats treated with Gingko biloba.

The Gingko biloba extract is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation due to the lack of information about its effects on these reproductive phases. Previous studies have shown that G. biloba extract contains components with estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities, thus nursing dams treated with the extract of this plant could show reduction in milk production, resulting in malnutrition and poor development of pups.

Development of pregnancy in rats treated with Hypericum perforatum.

St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. In the present paper, the toxicity of H. perforatum administered to female rats during the period of organogenesis (day 9-15 of pregnancy) was evaluated.

[Evaluation of Hypericum perforatum toxicity when administered to pregnant rats].

Background: Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders.

Objective: In the present paper, the toxicity of H. perforatum administered to female rats during organogenesis (9th to 15th day of pregnancy) was evaluated.