Familial clustering of psychiatric disorders and low IQ.

Background: Although the ICD and DSM differentiate between different psychiatric disorders, these often share symptoms, risk factors, and treatments. This was a population-based, case-control, sibling study examining familial clustering of all psychiatric disorders and low IQ, using data from the Israel Draft-Board Registry on all Jewish adolescents assessed between 1998 and 2014.

Methods: We identified all cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, = 2128), severe intellectual disability (ID, = 9572), attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) ( = 3272), psychotic ( = 7902), mood ( = 9704), anxiety ( = 10 606), personality ( = 24 816), or substance/alcohol abuse ( = 791) disorders, and low IQ (⩾2 SDs below the population mean, = 31 186).

Addition of memantine to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia inpatients with residual symptoms: A preliminary study.

Background: Schizophrenia is comprised of several debilitating symptoms. Antipsychotics offer an effective treatment for positive symptoms, while the negative signs and cognitive deficits are usually treatment-resistant. It was suggested that glutamate dysregulation may be involved in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, mainly through NMDA dysfunction.

Functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Persistent, intrusive re-experiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly construed as a failure of cingulate inhibition (i.e., extinction) over a hyperresponsive amygdala, based primarily on animal research of fear conditioning and the finding of cingulate hypoperfusion in PTSD.