A Comprehensive Analysis of Infections in Children and Adolescents: Results of a 7-Year Retrospective Study and Literature Review.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical parasitic disease linked with significant social and economic burdens worldwide. The scientific community has minimal information on echinococcosis in Romanian people, and hospital medical records are the only sources that may be used to investigate its status. A 7-year retrospective clinical study on pediatric patients with CE from Southeast Romania was performed, and 39 children and adolescents were included, aged 2-15 years old.

Enhancement of Cognitive Benefits and Anti-Anxiety Effects of Fruits in a Zebrafish () Model of Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment.

fruits exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aims to investigate the phenolic profile of hydroethanolic extracts from both fresh (PEC) and dried (PEU) fruits of using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and to evaluate their impact on anxiety-like behavior, memory, oxidative stress, and cholinergic status in zebrafish (, Tübingen strain) treated with scopolamine (SCO, 100 μM). Acute administration of PEC and PEU (0.

Perception, Trust, and Motivation in Consumer Behavior for Organic Food Acquisition: An Exploratory Study.

(1) Background: A sustainable healthy diet assures human well-being in all life stages, protects environmental resources, and preserves biodiversity. This work investigates the sociodemographic factors, knowledge, trust, and motivations involved in organic food acquisition behavior. (2) Methods: An online survey via Google Forms platform, with 316 respondents, was conducted from 1 March to 31 May 2024.

Comparison of Hepatic Function and Chemotherapy-Induced Side Effects Between Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD), Topotecan (TOPO), and Gemcitabine in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (PROC).

: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is a major therapeutic challenge, as it responds poorly to standard platinum-based treatment, has limited treatment options, and offers a generally unfavorable prognosis. Chemotherapeutic agents like pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), topotecan (TOPO), and gemcitabine (GEM) are used for this setting, but with varying efficacy and toxicity profiles, leading to an increasing need to understand the optimal balance between treatment effectiveness and tolerability for improving patient outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy and side effects of PLD, TOPO, and GEM, focusing on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles.

YAT2150 is irresistible in Plasmodium falciparum and active against Plasmodium vivax and Leishmania clinical isolates.

We recently characterized the potent antiplasmodial activity of the aggregated protein dye YAT2150, whose presumed mode of action is the inhibition of protein aggregation in the malaria parasite. Using single-dose and ramping methods, assays were done to select Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to YAT2150 concentrations ranging from 3× to 0.25× the in vitro IC of the compound (in the two-digit nM range) and performed a cross-resistance assessment in P.

High versus low dose of 14 days treatment of primaquine in infected patients in Cambodia: a randomised open-label efficacy study.

Background: The WHO malaria treatment guidelines recommend a total dose in the range of 3·5 to 7·0 mg/kg of primaquine to eliminate () hypnozoites and prevent relapses. There are however indications that for tropical isolates, notably from Southeast Asia, the lower dose of 3·5 mg/kg is insufficient. Determining the most effective regimen to eliminate hypnozoites is needed to achieve elimination of this malaria parasite.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Health: A Key to Modern Nutritional Balance in Association with Polyphenolic Compounds from Food Sources.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are vital dietary elements that play a significant role in human nutrition. They are highly regarded for their positive contributions to overall health and well-being. Beyond the fact that they provide a substantial supply of energy to the body (a role that saturated fats can also perform), these unsaturated fatty acids and, especially, the essential ones are involved in cell membrane structure, blood pressure regulation, and coagulation; participate in the proper functioning of the immune system and assimilation of fat-soluble vitamins; influence the synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory substances; and protect the cardiovascular system.

Development of Solid Nanosystem for Delivery of Chlorhexidine with Increased Antimicrobial Activity and Decreased Cytotoxicity: Characterization and In Vitro and In Ovo Toxicological Screening.

The evaluation of chlorhexidine-carrier nanosystems based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs), has gained significant attention in recent years due to the unique properties of the magnetic nanoparticles (NPSs). Chlorhexidine (CHX), a well-established antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in medical applications, including oral hygiene and surgical antisepsis. This study aims to report an in vitro and in ovo toxicological screening of the synthesized CHX-NPS nanosystem, of the carrier matrix (maghemite NPSs) and of the drug to be delivered (CHX solution), by employing two types of cell lines-HaCaT immortalized human keratinocytes and JB6 Cl 41-5a murine epidermal cells.

Anopheles mosquitoes in Mondulkiri forest, Cambodia: abundance, distribution, seasonal patterns and Plasmodium prevalence.

Background: Mosquitoes are important drivers of infectious diseases transmission, with Anopheles mosquitoes being responsible of malaria transmission. In Cambodia, where malaria is prevalent in forested regions, understanding the ecology of these vectors is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, distribution, seasonal patterns, biting behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes, and prevalence of Plasmodium, in Mondulkiri province, Northeastern Cambodia.

Assessment of the Active Sludge Microorganisms Population During Wastewater Treatment in a Micro-Pilot Plant.

Knowledge of the impact of chemicals on the environment is important for assessing the risks that chemicals can generate in ecosystems. With the help of pilot-scale micro-tests, it was possible to evaluate the biological sludge in terms of its chemical and biological composition, information that can be applied on an industrial scale in treatment plants. The important parameters analyzed in the evaluation of the biodegradability of wastewater were pH, chemical composition (NH, NO, NO, and PO), dry substance (DS), inorganic substance (IS), and organic substance (OS), and the biological oxygen demand (BOD)/chemical oxygen consumption (COD) ratio.

The Role of Spirituality and Religion in Improving Quality of Life and Coping Mechanisms in Cancer Patients.

Background/objectives: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of spirituality and religion in the journey of patients with cancer and assess their impact on various aspects of well-being and coping mechanisms.

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar following the PRISMA guidelines. This study focused on the period from 2014 to 2024, the time chosen for the emerging integration of spirituality and religion in cancer treatment.

Review of Cordylocras Kozlov (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae): with a new species and redescription of C. mirabilis Kozlov.

The female of Cordylocras abscondita de Paz & Popovici sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the province of Salamanca (Western Spain).

A new species-group in Calliscelio Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) takes shape.

Two new species of Calliscelio Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) are described: C. safavii Popovici & Talamas, sp. nov.

Potent AMA1-specific human monoclonal antibody against Plasmodium vivax Pre-erythrocytic and Blood Stages.

New therapeutics are necessary for preventing Plasmodium vivax malaria due to easy transmissibility and dormancy in the liver that increases the clinical burden due to recurrent relapse. In this manuscript we characterize 12 Pv Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (PvAMA1) specific human monoclonal antibodies from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of a Pv-exposed individual. PvAMA1 is essential for sporozoite and merozoite invasion, making it a unique therapeutic target.

Energy Efficiency for 5G and Beyond 5G: Potential, Limitations, and Future Directions.

Energy efficiency constitutes a pivotal performance indicator for 5G New Radio (NR) networks and beyond, and achieving optimal efficiency necessitates the meticulous consideration of trade-offs against other performance parameters, including latency, throughput, connection densities, and reliability. Energy efficiency assumes it is of paramount importance for both User Equipment (UE) to achieve battery prologue and base stations to achieve savings in power and operation cost. This paper presents an exhaustive review of power-saving research conducted for 5G and beyond 5G networks in recent years, elucidating the advantages, disadvantages, and key characteristics of each technique.

QSAR Regression Models for Predicting HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition.

Background/objectives: HMG-CoA reductase is an enzyme that regulates the initial stage of cholesterol synthesis, and its inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: We have created a set of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for human HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors using nested cross-validation as the primary validation method. To develop the QSAR models, we employed various machine learning regression algorithms, feature selection methods, and fingerprints or descriptor datasets.

Oral Cancer: Prophylaxis, Etiopathogenesis and Treatment.

Oral cancer contributes to approximately 3-10% of all cancer mortality worldwide, and its incidence is continuously increasing due to environmental conditions and harmful habits of the modern lifestyle [...

The PvRBP2b-TfR1 interaction is not essential for reticulocytes invasion by Plasmodium vivax isolates from Cambodia.

Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread of the different Plasmodium species able to infect humans and is responsible for most malaria cases outside Africa. An effective, strain-transcending vaccine that alleviates or suppresses erythrocyte invasion would be a game-changer in eliminating vivax malaria. Recently, the binding of P.

The European Researchers' Network Working on Second Victim (ERNST) Policy Statement on the Second Victim Phenomenon for Increasing Patient Safety.

Background: The second victim phenomenon refers to the emotional trauma healthcare professionals experience following adverse events (AEs) in patient care, which can compromise their ability to provide safe care. This issue has significant implications for patient safety, with AEs leading to substantial human and economic costs.

Analysis: Current evidence indicates that AEs often result from systemic failures, profoundly affecting healthcare workers.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence-Based Systems in the Management of Esophageal Varices.

Background: Esophageal varices, dilated submucosal veins in the lower esophagus, are commonly associated with portal hypertension, particularly due to liver cirrhosis. The high morbidity and mortality linked to variceal hemorrhage underscore the need for accurate diagnosis and effective management. The traditional method of assessing esophageal varices is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which, despite its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, presents limitations such as interobserver variability and invasiveness.

Comparative Epidemiological and Clinical Outcomes on COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Hospitalized Patients during 2023.

COVID-19 and influenza are highly contagious respiratory viral diseases and priority global public health concerns. We conducted a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 and/or influenza hospitalized cases, during 2023. We identified 170 influenza cases, 150 COVID-19 cases and 3 co-infections.

Cell death and DNA damage via ROS mechanisms after applied antibiotics and antioxidants doses in prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures.

Tumor heterogeneity results in aggressive cancer phenotypes with acquired resistance. However, combining chemical treatment with adjuvant therapies that cause cellular structure and function perturbations may diminish the ability of cancer cells to resist at chemical treatment and lead to a less aggressive cancer phenotype. Applied treatments on prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures exerted their antitumor activities through mechanisms including cell cycle blockage, oxidative stress, and cell death induction by flow cytometry methods.

Religiosity and Health Outcomes in a Cohort of Romanian Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19.

There is a growing body of evidence for the interrelation between health status and religious beliefs. Our aim was to evaluate the level of religiosity in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to assess the link between religiosity and measurable health outcomes. This was an observational, single-center study which included patients with moderate-to-severe forms of COVID-19.

Clinical-statistical study on oral rehabilitation methods using dental implants.

Background And Aims: The development of dental implantology is based on a thorough examination of the interaction of implants with the surrounding tissues, as well as methods of stimulating osteogenesis around implants. The most common approach to restore lost dentition in terms of function and aesthetics is now represented by implants. The objective of our study was to comparatively assess the efficiency of prosthetic treatments performed on implants alone versus on implants in conjunction with abutment teeth.