Euglena gracilis can grow in the mixed culture containing Cladosporium westerdijkiae, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans and Pseudobacillus badius without the addition of vitamins B and B.

Euglena gracilis is a freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplast of green algal origin. This protist has numerous biotechnological applications such as production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals, and it can be also used for bioremediation of polluted water and wastewater. One of the highest limitations for its large-scale cultivation is that it cannot synthesize vitamins B and B which are expensive and they have to be added to media.

The Lipid Composition of Middle Plastid Membrane Resembles That of Primary Plastid Envelopes.

is a photosynthetic flagellate possessing chlorophyte-derived secondary plastids that are enclosed by only three enveloping membranes, unlike most secondary plastids, which are surrounded by four membranes. It has generally been assumed that the two innermost plastid envelopes originated from the primary plastid, while the outermost is of eukaryotic origin. It was suggested that nucleus-encoded plastid proteins pass through the middle and innermost plastid envelopes of by machinery homologous to the translocons of outer and inner chloroplast membranes, respectively.