Plants have two minds as we do.

This discussion paper carefully analyzes the cognition-related theories proposed for behavioral economics, to expand the concepts from human behaviors to those of plants. Behavioral economists analyze the roles of the intuitive sense and the rational thoughts affecting the human behavior, by employing the psychology-based models such as Two Minds theory (TMT) highlighting intuitive rapid thoughts (System 1) and rational slower thoughts (System 2) and Prospect theory (PT) with probability ()-weighting functions explaining the human tendencies to overrate the low events and to underrate the high events. There are similarities between non-consciously processed System 1 (of TMT) and overweighing of low- events (as in PT) and also, between the consciously processed System 2 (of TMT) and underrating of high- events (as in PT).

Toxic and signaling effects of the anaesthetic lidocaine on rice cultured cells.

Most studies on anesthesia focus on the nervous system of mammals due to their interest in medicine. The fact that any life form can be anaesthetised is often overlooked although anesthesia targets ion channel activities that exist in all living beings. This study examines the impact of lidocaine on rice ().

[Anaesthesia, a process common to all living organisms].

Because of their interest in medicine, most studies of anaesthesia focus on the nervous system of metazoans, and the fact that any life form can be anaesthetised is often underlooked. If electrical signalling is an essential phenomenon for the success of animals, it appears to be widespread beyond metazoans. Indeed, anaesthesia targets Na/Ca voltage-gated channels that exist in a wide variety of species and originate from ancestral channels that predate eukaryotes in the course of evolution.