Lymphocytic esophagitis - A little-known cause of dysphagia.

Lymphocytic esophagitis is a little-known entity whose cause is not fully established, and which basically presents with dysphagia. It is characterized by the presence of an infiltrate mainly formed by lymphocytes and other signs of epithelial damage in the absence of other granulocytes. The lack of knowledge about this pathology as well as standardized diagnostic criteria complicates its diagnosis.

Association of microscopic colitis and enteropathy due to olmesartan.

We report the case of a patient with severe chronic diarrhea. He was admitted on multiple occasions for this reason, with the cause remaining undetected. After obtaining a detailed medical history and performing several studies, the patient was diagnosed with microscopic colitis and enteropathy due to Olmesartan.

Primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum as an incidental finding on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum (FLD) is a rare variant of follicular lymphoma (FL), which represents only 1-4% of gastrointestinal non-hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). It usually appears in the second portion of the duodenum as micronodular lesions and the diagnosis is often incidental. Unlike other NHLs, the prognosis is excellent and the treatment ranges from "watch and wait" to rituximab-based immunochemotherapy regimens, depending on the symptoms and the presence of systemic involvement.

Diagnosis of biliary papillomatosis with a Spyglass® cholangioscope.

We report the case of a 78-year-old woman with dyspepsia for several years and a history of cholecystectomy, informed by pathology as calculous cholecystopathy, where CT revealed a left-sided intrahepatic bile duct dilation. Cholangio-MRI confirmed a size increase in the distal intrahepatic bile duct on the left side, with T2-hyperintense contents with scarce contrast enhancement, which resulted in the observed dilation. .

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric plexiform fibromyxoma, an alternative to the traditional approach.

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with no history of interest who presented with dyspepsia of 2 years' standing. Gastroscopy revealed a subepithelial lesion at the greater antral curvature with irregular surface and preserved mucosal and vascular pattern, 15 mm in diameter. Because of clinical persistence a radial endoscopic ultrasonogram (EUS) was performed, which showed a well-delimited hypoechoic lesion with heterogeneous areas that was dependent on the muscularis mucosae layer.

Active search for hepatitis C patients in primary care.

Introduction: undiagnosed active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are an obstacle to achieve the WHO (World Health Organization) hepatitis C elimination goal by 2030. One of the possible strategies to identify these patients is the active search for patients in primary care (PC).

Methods: patient medical records in PC were reviewed with a "hepatitis C" open case in the last five years.

Capecitabine-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy.

We report the case of a 79-year-old male who had undergone surgery for a mucus-secreting, stage-III pancreatic adenocarcinoma 2 years previously, who was recently started on capecitabine monotherapy for radiographic local progression. He developed disorientation, asterixis, nausea and elevated serum ammonia (221 μmol/L) 48-72 hours after treatment onset with preserved liver function. After ruling out potential causes of encephalopathy and tumor progression by abdominal and brain CT scans, his symptoms were related by exclusion to the recently initiated treatment with capecitabine.

Bortezomib-induced acute pancreatitis, an uncommon adverse event.

Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization, with an increasing incidence and associated non-negligible morbidity and mortality. Its most common causes are alcohol and gallstones, and medications are a rare cause. The pathogenesis of acute drug pancreatitis is not yet known exactly and the diagnosis is based on the evident temporal relationship, having excluded the rest of the possible known causes of acute pancreatitis.

Eosinophilic enterocolitis: an uncommon cause of chronic diarrhea.

Eosinophilic enterocolitis is a rare entity included in the group of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltrate in the absence of other causes of enterocolonic eosinophilia (infection, allergic or drug reaction, inflammatory disease, etc). The most common gastrointestinal manifestations are abdominal pain, diarrhea or malabsorption.

Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with late-onset enterocolic fistula after bariatric surgery.

Wernicke´s encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurologic disorder secondary to thiamine deficiency. We report the case of a patient with history of bariatric surgery who develops a late-onset enterocolic fistula, with alcohol consumption associated.

Todani type VI bile duct cyst: cystic duct malformation as an uncommon cause of abdominal pain.

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who was admitted for epigastralgia and oral intolerance for 15 days, associating cholestasis in blood tests. A magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) revealed the presence of a lobulation continuous with the cystic duct that was consistent with a Todani VI bile duct cyst. The biliary cyst Todani VI is a rare entity within bile duct malformations.