Entangled Connections: HIV and HPV Interplay in Cervical Cancer-A Comprehensive Review.

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a prevalent malignancy and a significant global public health concern, primarily driven by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The infectious nature of HPV underscores the preventability of CC through vaccination and screening programs. In addition to HPV, factors such as age, parity, smoking, hormonal contraceptives, and HIV co-infection elevate the risk of CC.

Antibody-drug conjugates combinations in cancer treatment.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising class of anticancer agents. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration has granted approval to 12 compounds, with 2 later undergoing withdrawal. Moreover, several other compounds are currently under clinical development at different stages.

Giant Paratesticular Liposarcoma: Molecular Characterization and Management Principles with a Review of the Literature.

Paratesticular liposarcomas are extremely rare malignant tumors originating from fat tissues, with an often-challenging diagnosis. We present here the case of a 76-year-old man with a giant paratesticular liposarcoma, initially misdiagnosed as a scrotal hernia. After two years, the progressively enlarging mass underwent surgical resection, and a diagnosis of well-differentiated liposarcoma (lipoma-like subtype) was made.

Mechanistic Translation of Melanoma Genetic Landscape in Enriched Pathways and Oncogenic Protein-Protein Interactions.

Background/aim: Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer originating from the oncogenic transformation of melanocytes located in the epidermal layers. Usually, the patient's prognosis depends on timing of disease detection and molecular and genetic profiling, which may all significantly influence mortality rates. Genetic analyses often detect somatic BRAF, NRAS and cKIT mutations, germline substitutions in CDKN2A, and alterations of the PI3K-AKT-PTEN pathway.

A New Kid on the Block: Sacituzumab Govitecan for the Treatment of Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors.

Human trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in cell proliferation and motility, frequently overexpressed in epithelial tumors. Thus, it represents an attractive target for anticancer therapies. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a third-generation antibody-drug conjugate, consisting of an anti-Trop-2 monoclonal antibody (hRS7), a hydrolyzable linker, and a cytotoxin (SN38), which inhibits topoisomerase 1.

Early Gastrointestinal Progression to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: A Report of Two Cases.

Intestinal and pancreatic metastases are rare and often challenging to recognize and manage. Lung cancer patients with enteric involvement usually display poor outcomes. Hyperprogression to immunotherapy represents a concern, even though there is currently no agreement on its exact definition.

p2PSA for predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer earlier than total prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: an observational prospective cohort study.

Background: There is an unmet clinical need for more biochemical specific tests that may detect clinically significant recurrent PCa at an early stage after radical prostatectomy (RP). Our purpose is to test the hypothesis that p2PSA (Index test) detects prostate cancer relapse (BCR) earlier than the current Reference Standard Test (total prostate-specific antigen [tPSA]) in patients who underwent RP for localized PCa.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective, cohort, follow-up study in patients subjected to RALP (robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy) for clinically localized PCa from January 2013 to July 2013 at a high-volume Institution (450 average RP/year).

The selenoprotein GPX4 is essential for mouse development and protects from radiation and oxidative damage insults.

Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, atherogenesis, neurodegeneration, and the ageing process. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) is the only major antioxidant enzyme known to directly reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides within membranes and lipoproteins, acting in conjunction with alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Here we describe the generation and characterization of GPX4-deficient mice by targeted disruption of the murine Gpx4 locus through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells.