Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer's disease.

There is growing evidence that thinned retinal regions are interspersed with thickened regions in all retinal layers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), causing roughness to appear on layer thickness maps. The hypothesis is that roughness of retinal layers, assessed by the fractal dimension (FD) of their thickness maps, is an early biomarker of AD. Ten retinal layers have been studied in macular volumes of optical coherence tomography from 24 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with mild AD (Mini-Mental State Examination 23.

Spatial analysis of thickness changes in ten retinal layers of Alzheimer's disease patients based on optical coherence tomography.

The retina is an attractive source of biomarkers since it shares many features with the brain. Thickness differences in 10 retinal layers between 19 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a control group of 24 volunteers were investigated. Retinal layers were automatically segmented and their thickness at each scanned point was measured, corrected for tilt and spatially normalized.

Occult Orbital Injury with Dagger Fragment with Resulting Pneumocephalus.

Penetrating injuries of the cranium are relatively uncommon, only 0.4% of all head injuries. In patients with disturbed conscious level, an extensive examination should be performed in the emergency unit to rule out transorbital penetrating brain injury.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Bony Nasolacrimal Canal by Automated Segmentation of Computed Tomography Images.

Objective: To apply a fully automated method to quantify the 3D structure of the bony nasolacrimal canal (NLC) from CT scans whereby the size and main morphometric characteristics of the canal can be determined.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects: 36 eyes of 18 healthy individuals.