Impact of Dietary Isoflavone Supplementation on the Fecal Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women.

Isoflavones are metabolized by components of the gut microbiota and can also modulate their composition and/or activity. This study aimed to analyze the modifications of the fecal microbial populations and their metabolites in menopausal women under dietary treatment with soy isoflavones for one month. Based on the level of urinary equol, the women had been stratified previously as equol-producers ( = 3) or as equol non-producers ( = 5).

Fecal Changes Following Introduction of Milk in Infants With Outgrowing Non-IgE Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Are Influenced by Previous Consumption of the Probiotic LGG.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common allergy in the first year of life. Non-IgE mediated CMPA is characterized by digestive symptoms and tolerance development before the age of three. Gut microbiota composition in early life has been associated with food allergy.

Use of high throughput amplicon sequencing and ethidium monoazide dye to track microbiota changes in an equol-producing menopausal woman receiving a long-term isoflavones treatment.

This work describes the impact of long term consumption of an isoflavone-rich dietary daily supplement on the composition and diversity of the faecal microbiota of a menopausal, equol-producing woman. Sequencing of 16S rDNA amplicons was performed on faecal samples taken at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Additionally, and for comparative purposes, ethidium monoazide (EMA) was used to avoid detection of DNA from dead bacteria.

Reply: "Letter to the editor Re: Diaz M., et al. 2018, , 1481".

The objective of this letter of reply is to provide answers to the doubts and critical issues that Martín Martinez and López Liñan [...

Microbiota and Derived Parameters in Fecal Samples of Infants with Non-IgE Cow's Milk Protein Allergy under a Restricted Diet.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infancy. Non-IgE mediated (NIM) forms are little studied and the responsible mechanisms of tolerance acquisition remain obscure. Our aim was to study the intestinal microbiota and related parameters in the fecal samples of infants with NIM-CMPA, to establish potential links between type of formula substitutes, microbiota, and desensitization.

Characterization of four β-glucosidases acting on isoflavone-glycosides from Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum IPLA 36007.

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum IPLA 36007 acts on isoflavone glycosides, releasing their corresponding aglycones. This strain-specific activity might be a key step in making isoflavones bioavailable and harnessing their oestrogenic activity. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this activity, four glycosyl hydrolase-encoding genes in the IPLA 36007 genome (AW18_01575, AW18_09810, AW18_08145, and AW18_08090) were selected, synthesized with heterologous promoter and terminator signals (r-β-gluA, r-β-gluB, r-β-gluD and r-β-gluE, respectively), cloned into Escherichia coli, overexpressed as His-tagged proteins, and the enzymes purified and characterized.

Development and Use of a Real-Time Quantitative PCR Method for Detecting and Quantifying Equol-Producing Bacteria in Human Faecal Samples and Slurry Cultures.

This work introduces a novel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocol for detecting and quantifying equol-producing bacteria. To this end, two sets of primers targeting the dihydrodaidzein reductase () and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase () genes, which are involved in the synthesis of equol, were designed. The primers showed high specificity and sensitivity when used to examine DNA from control bacteria, such as , and .

Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Growth of Representative Bacterial Species from the Human Gut.

The present work aimed to assess the susceptibility of dominant and representative bacterial populations from the human gut to isoflavones and their metabolites. To do so, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isoflavone glycosides, isoflavone aglycones, and equol to 37 bacterial strains was determined by broth microdilution. Additionally, for 10 representative strains, growth curves, growth rate (μ), and optical density (OD) of the cultures at 24 h were also determined.

Bacterial communities and metabolic activity of faecal cultures from equol producer and non-producer menopausal women under treatment with soy isoflavones.

Background: Isoflavones are polyphenols with estrogenic activity found mainly in soy and soy-derived products that need to be metabolised in the intestine by the gut bacteria to be fully active. There is little knowledge about isoflavone bioconversion and equol production in the human intestine. In this work, we developed an in vitro anaerobic culture model based on faecal slurries to assess the impact of isoflavone supplementation on the overall intestinal bacterial composition changes and associated metabolic transformations.

Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum.

Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. strains, α-glucosidases have received little attention compared to other glycosyl hydrolases. In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441.

Profiling of Phenolic Metabolites in Feces from Menopausal Women after Long-Term Isoflavone Supplementation.

Phenolic compounds were screened by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the feces of 15 menopausal women before and after long-term isoflavone treatment. In total, 44 compounds were detected. Large intertreatment, interindividual, and intersample variations were observed in terms of the number of compounds and their concentration.

A novel UHPLC method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine.

This work reports on a novel method involving reverse-phased ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) plus a spectrophotometric photodiode array/fluorescence (FLR) detection system for determining the concentration of equol and major soy isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) in human urine. The proposed method was validated in terms of its linearity, sensitivity, accuracy (recovery) and precision (intra- and inter-day repeatability). The isoflavone profiles of urine samples from a group of menopausal women following oral soy isoflavone supplementation were determined and compared.

Equol status and changes in fecal microbiota in menopausal women receiving long-term treatment for menopause symptoms with a soy-isoflavone concentrate.

The knowledge regarding the intestinal microbial types involved in isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism is still limited. The present work reports the influence of a treatment with isoflavones for 6 months on the fecal bacterial communities of 16 menopausal women, as determined by culturing and culture-independent microbial techniques. Changes in fecal communities were analyzed with respect to the women's equol-producing phenotype.

The genome of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum IPLA 36007, a human intestinal strain with isoflavone-activation activity.

Background: Bifidobacterium species, including Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, are among the dominant microbial populations of the human gastrointestinal tract. They are also major components of many commercial probiotic products. Resident and transient bifidobacteria are thought to have several beneficial health effects.