Seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus: A scoping review.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, either by direct neuronal damage, injury to brain vessels, or by pathogenic mechanisms indirectly induced by immune mechanisms related to the production and deposition of immune complexes. The prevalence of explicit episodes of seizures among SLE patients, varies from 2 to 8%. In some cases, patients with positivity for antiphospholipid or anti-β2 glycoprotein antibodies are found to be more prone to exhibit seizures compared to seronegative patients, other subjects at risk are carries of gene abnormalities codifying for ion channels.

Atypical forms of the osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is the damage over the central nervous system caused by several electrolytes, metabolic and toxic disorders. We aimed to describe cases of unusual forms of ODS. In a 9-year period, 25 consecutive patients with ODS (15 men; mean age 42 years) were registered in our referral institution, among them, four (16 %) with atypical neuroimaging findings were abstracted for this communication.

Regulation of neural stem cell in the human SVZ by trophic and morphogenic factors.

The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricular system, is the largest germinal region in mammals. In there, neural stem cells express markers related to astoglial lineage that give rise to new neurons and oligodendrocytes In the adult human brain, evidence has also shown that astrocytic cells isolated from the SVZ can generate new neurons and oligodendrocytes. These proliferative cells are strongly controlled by a number of signals and molecules that modulate, activate or repress the cell division, renewal, proliferation and fate of neural stem cells.

Granulomatous hypophysitis by Mycobacterium gordonae in a non HIV-infected patient.

Lymphocytic or granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare entity with a difficult diagnosis. Our objective was to report a patient with non-tuberculous granulomatous hypophysitis. An HIV-negative 45-year old man with confusional state, subacute ophthalmoplegia, and clinical and laboratory findings of panhypopituitarism was seen in the emergency unit.

Choreoacanthocytosis in a Mexican family.

Background: Choreoacanthocytosis (CHAC) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man accession No. 200150) is a hereditary neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by movement disorders, cognitive decline, myopathy, behavioral changes, and acanthocytosis and is caused by mutations in the VPS13A gene.

Objective: To describe the cases of 2 Mexican women with clinical and molecular characteristics compatible with CHAC.

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the very elderly.

Background: The number of persons reaching the age 80 years and over is increasing in most populations. Literature focusing on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in this age group is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the main clinical characteristics of ICH of the advanced old age, in the context of hypertension.