Application of direct analysis in real time to the study of chemical vapor generation mechanisms: identification of intermediate hydrolysis products of amine-boranes.

In order to elucidate controversial results emerging in chemical vapor generation (CVG) for trace element determination, we conducted a series of experiments devoted to the identification of intermediates formed by acid hydrolysis of amine-boranes. For the first time, direct analysis in real time coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-Orbitrap) was applied for detection of this class of compounds. Mass spectra of both solid amine-boranes and their aqueous solutions (pH ~ 8, no hydrolysis) were acquired for understanding their ionization pathway.

Behavior and kinetic of hydrolysis of amine boranes in acid media employed in chemical vapor generation.

The behavior of NaBH (THB) and the amine boranes, NHBH (AB), tertbutylNHBH (TBAB), MeNHBH (DMAB) was investigated in continuous flow chemical vapor generation of HSe from aqueous Se coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry. Unexpected higher efficiency of HSe generation was obtained with amine boranes compared to THB (TBAB > AB > THB) using millimolar concentration of reductant (0.001-0.

Determination of cyanocobalamin by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS.

Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) is an active form of vitamin B12, commonly employed for the preparation of multivitamin supplements and fortified food. In this study, we present a novel analytical method for its determination based on stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS). Isotopically enriched CNCbl was synthesized in-house and used as internal standard.

Determination of total cyanide in soil by isotope dilution GC/MS following pentafluorobenzyl derivatization.

The high toxicity of cyanide, along with its widespread industrial use, has fuelled interest in the development of analytical methods for its determination in complex matrices. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the measurement of total cyanide in soil samples based on single-step derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (FBn-Br) followed by quantitation with gas chromatography mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization mode. The reaction between CN and FBn-Br resulted in the identification of several derivatives such as FBn-CN, (FBn)(FPh)CH-CN, and (FBn)(FPh)C-CN.

A Novel Open Tubular Capillary Electrochromatographic Method for Differentiating the DNA Interaction Affinity of Environmental Contaminants.

The interaction of chemicals with DNA may lead to genotoxicity, mutation or carcinogenicity. A simple open tubular capillary electrochromatographic method is proposed to rapidly assess the interaction affinity of three environmental contaminants (1,4-phenylenediamine, pyridine and 2,4-diaminotoluene) to DNA by measuring their retention in the capillaries coated with DNA probes. DNA oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the inner wall of a fused silica capillary that was first derivatized with 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES).

Expanding the scope of pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection for online concentration of positively charged analytes in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

Sample injection is a crucial step in CE. In past, many efforts have been focused on concentrating the analytes into a sharp sample plug. In 2006, pressure-assisted electrokinetic injection (PAEKI) was proposed as a new preconcentration technique for anions.

Collagen I and III and their decorin modified surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy and the elucidation of their affinity toward positive apolipoprotein B-100 residue by quartz crystal microbalance.

Collagen, the major component of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the most abundant protein in the human body, is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Collagen types I and III were immobilized on fused-silica capillary to investigate their shape, size and structure by atomic force microscopy (AFM). For comparison, collagen was also immobilized on a mica surface.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: a useful microreactor for collagen I glycation and interaction studies with low-density lipoprotein particles.

Diabetes, a multifunctional disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries, strongly associates with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. One of the consequences of high level of glucose in the blood circulation is glycation of long-lived proteins, such as collagen I, the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the arterial wall. Glycation is a long-lasting process that involves the reaction between a carbonyl group of the sugar and an amino group of the protein, usually a lysine residue.

Quartz crystal microbalance, a valuable tool for elucidation of interactions between apoB-100 peptides and extracellular matrix components.

Atherosclerosis has received wide attention as a primary cause of premature death in developed countries. The retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the intima, the inner layer of the capillaries, has been imputed as the main cause of the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The entrapment of LDL is mainly due to the specific interaction between the lysine-rich site on apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), a major apolipoprotein of LDL, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Partial filling affinity capillary electrophoresis with cationic poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-based copolymer coatings for studies on human lipoprotein-steroid interactions.

Human plasma lipoproteins have strong hydrophobic interactions with steroids and their fatty acyl derivatives such as estradiol fatty acyl esters. In this work, affinity capillary electrophoresis with the partial filling technique was applied to study the hydrophobic interactions between lipoproteins, which are nanometer-sized particles, and nonconjugated steroids. The capillaries were first rinsed with one of two novel poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-based cationic copolymers that were strongly adsorbed onto the fused-silica surface via electrostatic interactions.

Noncovalent poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone)-based copolymer coating for the separation of basic proteins and lipoproteins by CE.

A new simple and fast noncovalent coating method based on poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer was developed for CE. Merely 2 min flushing of the capillary with the poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer was required. The copolymer is adsorbed onto the fused-silica surface by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.

CEC: a tool for mimicking collagen-surface interactions with apolipoprotein B-100 peptides.

Collagens I and III are involved in the formation of the extracellular matrix and presumably in the development of several diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this study, stable collagen and collagen-decorin coatings were prepared on the inner surfaces of fused silica CEC capillaries, enabling study of the interactions between collagen and selected peptide fragments of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), the main protein of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Interactions of positive, neutral, and negative peptide fragments of apoB-100 were elucidated.

In situ delipidation of low-density lipoproteins in capillary electrochromatography yields apolipoprotein B-100-coated surfaces for interaction studies.

An electrochromatographic method was developed for the in situ delipidation of intact low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles immobilized on the inner wall of a 50-microm inner diameter silica capillary. In this method, the immobilized LDL particles were delipidated with nonionic surfactant Nonidet P-40 at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C, resulting in an apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100)-coated capillary surface.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: a new technique for in situ enzymatic modification of low density lipoprotein particles and their protein-free derivatives.

Electrochromatography with open tubular capillaries coated with human low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and their protein-free derivatives was studied as a method for their in situ enzymatic modification. LDL particles as monolayers or their protein-free derivatives (lipid microemulsions) were coated on 50 microm i.d.

Determination of hydrogen sulfide and volatile thiols in air samples by mercury probe derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

A new procedure is proposed for the sampling and storage of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and volatile thiols (methanethiol or methyl mercaptan, ethanethiol and propanethiol) for their determination by liquid chromatography. The sampling procedure is based on the trapping/pre-concentration of the analytes in alkaline aqueous solution containing an organic mercurial probe p-hydroxymercurybenzoate, HO-Hg-C6H4-COO- (PHMB), where they are derivatized to stable PHMB complexes based on mercury-sulfur covalent bonds. PHMB complexes are separated on a C18 reverse phase column, allowing their determination by liquid chromatography coupled with sequential non-selective UV-vis (DAD) and mercury specific (chemical vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, CVGAFS) on-line detectors.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: technique for oxidation and interaction studies on human low-density lipoproteins.

A novel, open tubular capillary electrochromatographic method was developed for the in vitro oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Low-density lipoprotein particles with molar mass of approximately 2.5 MDa yielded a stable stationary phase at temperatures 25 and 37 degrees C and at pH values from 3.