Chromatic interferometry with small frequency differences.

By developing a 'two-crystal' method for color erasure, we can broaden the scope of chromatic interferometry to include optical photons whose frequency difference falls outside of the 400 nm to 4500 nm wavelength range, which is the passband of a PPLN crystal. We demonstrate this possibility experimentally, by observing interference patterns between sources at 1064.4 nm and 1063.

SOST, an LNGFR target, inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of rat ectomesenchymal stem cells.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether sclerostin (SOST) regulates the osteogenic differentiation of rat ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) and whether SOST and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) regulate the osteogenic differentiation of EMSCs.

Materials And Methods: EMSCs were isolated from embryonic facial processes from an embryonic 12.5-day (E12.

LNGFR targets the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes the osteogenic differentiation in rat ectomesenchymal stem cells.

Considerable evidence has shown that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in osteogenic differentiation in various stem cells. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of rat ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which are considered to be the progenitors of dental mesenchymal stem cells, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that nuclear β-catenin was upregulated during EMSC osteogenic differentiation.

The root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars: a comparative evaluation of cone-beam computed tomography and micro-computed tomography.

Objectives: This study evaluated the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a reference standard.

Materials And Methods: In total, 143 extracted human mandibular first premolars were selected and scanned using micro-CT and CBCT. The acquired images were used to evaluate the root canal morphology in each tooth, and evaluations were repeated after 2 weeks.

Comparison of P75 NTR-positive and -negative etcomesenchymal stem cell odontogenic differentiation through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate differences of odonto-differentiation between P75 -neurotrophin receptor (P75 -NTR)-positive ectomesenchymal stem cells (P75+EMSCs) and P75 -NTR-negative ectomesenchymal stem cells (P75-EMSCs), and their underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Primary cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNC) were isolated from the first branchial arches, and P75+EMSCs and P75-EMSCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Differentiation of P75+EMSCs or P75-EMSCs into odontoblast-like cells was induced by dental epithelial cells in vitro or in vivo.

DKK1 rescues osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontal ligaments of patients with diabetes mellitus induced periodontitis.

Multiple studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for periodontitis. Recently mesenchymal stem cells derived from periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) have been utilized to reconstruct tissues destroyed by chronic inflammation. However, impact of periodontitis with diabetes mellitus on PDLSCs and mechanisms mediating effects of complex microenvironments remain poorly understood.

In vitro cementoblast-like differentiation of postmigratory neural crest-derived p75(+) stem cells with dental follicle cell conditioned medium.

Cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNCCs) play important role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth morphogenesis. However, the heterogeneity of CNCCs and their tendency to spontaneously differentiate along smooth muscle or osteoblast lineages in vitro limit further understanding of their biological properties. We studied the differentiation properties of isolated rat embryonic postmigratory CNCCs, expressing p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR).

Inhibited Wnt signaling causes age-dependent abnormalities in the bone matrix mineralization in the Apert syndrome FGFR2(S252W/+) mice.

Apert syndrome (AS) is a type of autosomal dominant disease characterized by premature fusion of the cranial sutures, severe syndactyly, and other abnormalities in internal organs. Approximately 70% of AS cases are caused by a single mutation, S252W, in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Two groups have generated FGFR2 knock-in mice Fgfr2S252W/+ that exhibit features of AS.

History of periodontitis as a risk factor for long-term survival of dental implants: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: The authors conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of a history of periodontitis on the long-term survival of dental implants.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search of PubMed and a supplemental manual search were conducted. Studies published in English through March 2013 were included in the meta-analysis.

A micro-computed tomography study of the relationship between radicular grooves and root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the correlation between radicular grooves and root canal types by quantitatively detecting the radicular groove of mandibular first premolars using micro-computed tomography.

Materials And Methods: A total of 127 mandibular first premolars were scanned by micro-computed tomography, and 52 teeth with radicular grooves were identified. Details of root canal type and groove length, depth, and location were analyzed from three-dimensional images.

Axonal regeneration and remyelination evaluation of chitosan/gelatin-based nerve guide combined with transforming growth factor-β1 and Schwann cells.

Despite efforts in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, it is difficult to achieve a functional recovery following extended peripheral nerve lesions. Even if artificial nerve conduit, cell components and growth factors can enhance nerve regeneration, integration in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration remains yet to be explored. For this study, we used chitosan/gelatin nerve graft constructed with collagenous matrices as a vehicle for Schwann cells and transforming growth factor-β1 to bridge a 10-mm gap of the sciatic nerve and explored the feasibility of improving regeneration and reinnervation in rats.

The Fgfr2(S252W/+) mutation in mice retards mandible formation and reduces bone mass as in human Apert syndrome.

Apert syndrome is a common craniosynostosis caused by gain-of-function missense mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Mice with the FGFR2 S252W mutation can elucidate the mechanism by which the human Apert syndrome phenotypes arise. However, many studies have focused on mutant skull and long bone malformation, only few studies have focused on mandible changes.

Characterization of p75(+) ectomesenchymal stem cells from rat embryonic facial process tissue.

Several populations of stem cells, including those from the dental pulp and periodontal ligament, have been isolated from different parts of the tooth and periodontium. The characteristics of such stem cells have been reported as well. However, as a common progenitor of these cells, ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), derived from the cranial neural crest have yet to be fully characterized.

A micro-computed tomography study of the root canal morphology of the mandibular first premolar in a population from southwestern China.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar teeth in a population from southwestern China by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Materials And Methods: Human mandibular first premolars (115) were selected and prepared for micro-CT analysis with a slice thickness of 30 μm. Details of root canal orifices, canals, accessory canals, apical foramina-apical delta intercanal communication, loops and isthmuses, and mesial invagination were analyzed from reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) images.

[The observation of surface morphology of enamal and temperature of dental pulp cavity in vitro after irradiated by Er:YAG laser].

Objective: To observe the changes of surface morphology and temperature of dental pulp cavity in vitro after irradiated by Er:YAG laser with different energy and irradiation time.

Methods: All of the 96 samples from 24 teeth in vitro were collected from dental clinical departments then divided into two groups (group A and group B) randomly. We chose the energy of 20 Hz, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 W to treat the samples in group A and group B and the irradiation time was 10s or 20s.

[Comparative study of root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar by micro-CT and radio visio graphy].

Objective: To compare the consistency of root canal configuration types of mandibular first premolar by using micro-CT and radio visio graphy (RVG).

Methods: One hundred extracted mandibular first premolars with complete dental root and apex which received no endodontic treatment were randomly selected. Each tooth was radiographed with RVG through a buccolingual and mesiodistal direction, and then scanned with micro-CT and reconstructed.

Effects of systemic ornidazole, systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate on experimental periodontitis in rats.

Background: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effects of systemic ornidazole (SO) and systemic and local compound ornidazole and pefloxacin mesylate (SCOPM/LCOMP) on the inflammatory response associated with rat experimental chronic periodontitis (ECP) in sites with subgingival debridement.

Material/methods: Periodontitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by placing a thin steel ligature around the upper first molars and inoculating them with Porphyromonas gingivalis 381. After the successful induction of the rat ECP, the periodontitis rats were randomly divided into 3 different combined treatment groups: (A) SO with scaling and root planing (SRP); (B) SCOMP with SRP; and (C) LCOMP with SRP.

A micro-computed tomography study of the location and curvature of the lingual canal in the mandibular first premolar with two canals originating from a single canal.

Introduction: Little is known about the lingual canal in the Vertucci type V mandibular first premolar. This study investigated the location of the lingual canal orifice and the curvature of the lingual canal by using micro-computed tomography.

Methods: One hundred fifteen mandibular first premolars were scanned by micro-computed tomography, reconstructed 3-dimensionally by using Mimics 10.

High levels of β-catenin signaling reduce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in inflammatory microenvironments through inhibition of the noncanonical Wnt pathway.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a new population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been isolated from the periodontal ligament (PDL). The capacity of multipotency and self-renewal makes them an excellent cell source for bone regeneration and repair. However, their bone-regeneration ability could be awakened in inflammatory microenvironments, which may be the result of changes in their differentiation potential.

Adipose tissue-deprived stem cells acquire cementoblast features treated with dental follicle cell conditioned medium containing dentin non-collagenous proteins in vitro.

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are easily harvested and show excellent pluripotency potential, have generated considerable interest in regenerative medicine. In this study, the differentiation of ADSCs was assessed after treatment with dental follicle cell conditioned medium (DFCCM) containing dentin non-collagenous proteins (dNCPs). ADSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology and high proliferative capacity.

Effect of pulse Nd:YAG laser on bond strength and microleakage of resin to human dentine.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pulse Nd:YAG laser on human dentine adhesion by optimizing the laser parameter combination and comparing it with other pretreatment methods for dentine adhesion.

Background Data: In recent decades, many scholars have been seeking an optimal method to enhance the bond strength of resin to human dentine. However, little improvement has been achieved.

Innovative strategies for tissue engineered skin based on multiple growth factors gene transfection.

Tissue engineering combines the principles of cell biology, engineering and materials science to develop three-dimensional tissues to replace or restore tissue function. Tissue engineered skin (TE-skin) is one of most advanced tissue constructs. However, much clinical providence demonstrates the TE-skin may not be viewed as the equal of skin grafts, the contributions to accelerate the closure of wound were come mainly from various growth factor.

Thermal and morphological effects of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser on root canal surfaces.

Objective: To investigate the sequential thermal and morphological effects of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser on root canal surfaces.

Background Data: Effectiveness and safety are two critical aspects of laser application for root canal instrumentation. To date, few studies have synchronously focused on the efficacy of root canal cleanliness and thermal changes in root surfaces irradiated by the Nd:YAG laser.

[Fluoride preconditioning attenuates sensitivity induced by tooth bleaching: a scanning electron microscopy study].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of fluorid on morphology change in enamel and dentin during tooth bleaching.

Methods: The study population consisted of twelve patients who required the extraction of first premolars for orthodontic reasons. Twelve participants were divided into three groups: bleaching with NaF-treated group, bleaching-treated group and control group.