Evaluation of microglia activation related markers following a clinical course of TBS: A non-human primate study.

While the applicability and popularity of theta burst stimulation (TBS) paradigms remain, current knowledge of their neurobiological effects is still limited, especially with respect to their impact on glial cells and neuroinflammatory processes. We used a multimodal imaging approach to assess the effects of a clinical course of TBS on markers for microglia activation and tissue injury as an indirect assessment of neuroinflammatory processes. Healthy non-human primates received continuous TBS (cTBS), intermittent TBS (iTBS), or sham stimulation over the motor cortex at 90% of resting motor threshold.

Continuous but not intermittent theta burst stimulation decreases striatal dopamine release and cortical excitability.

Dopamine modulation is thought to underpin some of the therapeutic effects associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). However, patient studies have failed to demonstrate consistent changes in the dopamine system in vivo after a therapeutic course of rTMS. Here, we evaluated acute and chronic changes in striatal dopamine release elicited by a clinically relevant course of theta burst (TBS) or sham stimulation using [C]raclopride in healthy non-human primates (n = 11).

Insight Into the Effects of Clinical Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain From Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies: A Narrative Review.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a therapeutic tool to alleviate symptoms for neurological and psychiatric diseases such as chronic pain, stroke, Parkinson's disease, major depressive disorder, and others. Although the therapeutic potential of rTMS has been widely explored, the neurological basis of its effects is still not fully understood. Fortunately, the continuous development of imaging techniques has advanced our understanding of rTMS neurobiological underpinnings on the healthy and diseased brain.

Comparison of Invasive and Non-invasive Estimation of [C]PBR28 Binding in Non-human Primates.

Purpose: To identify a reliable alternative to the full blood [C]PBR28 quantification method that would be easily replicated in multiple research and clinical settings.

Procedures: Ten [C]PBR28 scans were acquired from 7 healthy non-human primates (NHP). Arterial input functions (AIFs) were averaged to create a population template input function (TIF).