[Economic crisis and disparities in spending, supply, and use of public and private health services in Brazil from 2011 to 2019].

This study sought to analyze the repercussions of the economic crisis on the public and private sectors of the Brazilian health system and perform a trend analysis of economic and care indicators, based on secondary data from official public sources related to spending, the economic performance of health plans and insurance, and the supply and use of services. The results showed stagnation of public spending on health, as well as reduction of per capita public spending and of access to public health services. On the contrary, in a context of falling income and employment, health plans retained customers, increased revenues, profits, and their care production.

[Growth, centralization, and financialization of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Support Services (SADT) in Brazil: a study of selected companies from 2008 to 2016].

This article discusses the dynamics of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Support Services subsector from 2008 to 2016 in Brazil. Through an exploratory approach, the study aimed to operationalize key concepts from the literature on the pattern of accumulation characterizing contemporary capitalism. The research focused on the activity of six Brazilian diagnostic companies in three main dimensions: (1) net worth; (2) accounting-finance; and (3) policy.

[Analysis of financial statements from companies in the Brazilian health sector (2009-2015): concentration, centralization of capital, and expressions of financialization].

The Brazilian health system is characterized by major participation by the private sector. In the current decade, companies working in health-related sectors have stood out in the corporate world due to the results and size of their financial operations. The study analyzed the companies' trajectory from the perspective of financialization, defined as the dissemination of a pattern of accumulation, characteristic of contemporary capitalism.

[Financialization of the health sector in Brazil: theoretical and methodological challenges to the investigation of companies and business groups].

The article describes the history of the response to the theoretical and methodological challenges in research on companies and corporate groups in the Brazilian health sector that reorganized their shareholding structures, diversified their activities, and expanded their financial operations. Such movements in corporate concentration and expansion were analyzed with an approach to the frame of reference for financialization in contemporary capitalism in the analysis of selected companies and corporate groups. Corporate strategies were classified in three dimensions: shareholding, financial, and accounting structure and influence on the public agenda and the respective indicators orienting the organization of information from diverse sources for companies and corporate groups from 2008 and 2017.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physicians' Working Hours and Earnings in São Paulo and Maranhão States, Brazil.

Evidence exists on the health impacts of the current COVID-19 pandemic on health workers, but less is known about its impact on their work dynamics and livelihoods. This matters, as health workers-and physicians in particular-are a scarce and expensive resource in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our cross-sectional survey set out to explore changes in working hours and earnings during the second year of the pandemic in a representative sample of 1183 physicians in Brazil's São Paulo (SP) and Maranhão (MA) states.

How the 'plates' of a health system can shift, change and adjust during economic recessions: A qualitative interview study of public and private health providers in Brazil's São Paulo and Maranhão states.

Background: Economic recessions carry an impact on population health and access to care; less is known on how health systems adapt to the conditions brought by a downturn. This particularly matters now that the COVID-19 epidemic is putting health systems under stress. Brazil is one of the world's most affected countries, and its health system was already experiencing the aftermath of the 2015 recession.

The differential impact of economic recessions on health systems in middle-income settings: a comparative case study of unequal states in Brazil.

Introduction: Although economic crises are common in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), the evidence of their impact on health systems is still scant. We conducted a comparative case study of Maranhão and São Paulo, two unevenly developed states in Brazil, to explore the health financing and system performance changes brought in by its 2014-2015 economic recession.

Methods: Drawing from economic and health system research literature, we designed a conceptual framework exploring the links between macroeconomic factors, labour markets, demand and supply of health services and system performance.