Corrigendum: Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.

Ideal conditions of microwave-assisted acid pretreatment of sugarcane straw allow fermentative butyric acid production without detoxification step.

Sugarcane straw (SCS) was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid assisted by microwave to magnify fermentable sugars and to minimize the concentration of inhibitors in the hydrolysates. The optimum conditions for maximum recovery of sugars were 162 °C and 0.6% (w/v) HSO.

Assessment of the DNA Damage Response in Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Following Low Dose X-ray Exposure.

Stem cells contained within the dental mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) population are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Assuring their genomic stability is therefore essential. Exposure of stem cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is potentially detrimental for normal tissue homeostasis.

Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model.

The Southwestern United States has a legacy of industrial mining due to the presence of rich mineral ore deposits. The relationship between environmental inhaled particulate matter (PM) exposures and neurological outcomes within an autoimmune context is understudied. The aim of this study was to compare two regionally-relevant dusts from high-priority abandoned mine-sites, Claim 28 PM, from Blue Gap Tachee, AZ and St.

TGFβ drives NK cell metabolic dysfunction in human metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells provide important immune protection from cancer and are a key requirement for particular immunotherapies. There is accumulating evidence that NK cells become dysfunctional during cancer. Overcoming NK cell exhaustion would be an important step to allow them to function optimally in a range of NK cell therapies, including those that depend on autologos circulating NK cells.

Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise.

This study examined acute cerebral hemodynamic and circulating neurotrophic factor responses to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT), guideline-based high intensity interval exercise (HIIT), and sprint interval exercise (SIT). We hypothesized that the pattern of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) response would differ between interval and continuous exercise, with SIT inducing the smallest increase from rest, while increases in neurotrophic factors would be intensity-dependent. In a randomized crossover design, 24 healthy adults (nine females) performed three exercise protocols: (i) MICT (30 min), (ii) HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85% HR), and (iii) SIT (4 × 30 s supramaximal).

Adsorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto zebrafish eggs affects colonizing microbiota.

Teleost fish embryos are protected by two acellular membranes against particulate pollutants that are present in the water column. These membranes provide an effective barrier preventing particle uptake. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the adsorption of antimicrobial titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto zebrafish eggs nevertheless harms the developing embryo by disturbing early microbial colonization.

Retinal bioavailability and functional effects of a synthetic very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in mice.

Rare, nondietary very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) are uniquely found in the retina and a few other vertebrate tissues. These special fatty acids play a clinically significant role in retinal degeneration and development, but their physiological and interventional research has been hampered because pure VLC-PUFAs are scarce. We hypothesize that if Stargardt-3 or age-related macular degeneration patients were to consume an adequate amount of VLC-PUFAs that could be directly used in the retina, it may be possible to bypass the steps of lipid elongation mediated by the retina's ELOVL4 enzyme and to delay or prevent degeneration.

Pandemics and pathology: a reflection on influenza, HIV/AIDS and SARS (COVID-19) pandemic infections.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded pathologists of our significant roles in the management and understanding of rapidly spreading and dangerous pathogens, from identifying the agent to characterizing the clinical pathology to managing the dead. Cellular pathology - through autopsy - has depicted the main features: viral pneumonitis, acute lung injury, organising pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, thrombophilia and infarction, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome with multi-organ failure. These are similar to another viral pandemic of the 20th century, H1N1 influenza; but contrast with the second major more complicated pandemic, that of HIV/AIDS.

Effect of losartan on performance and physiological responses to exercise at high altitude (5035 m).

Objective: Altitude-related and exercise-related elevations in blood pressure (BP) increase the likelihood of developing pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude illness during high-altitude sojourn. This study examined the antihypertensive effect and potential exercise benefit of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan when taken at altitude.

Methods: Twenty participants, paired for age and ACE genotype status, completed a double-blinded, randomised study, where participants took either losartan (100 mg/day) or placebo for 21 days prior to arrival at 5035 m (Whymper Hut, Mt Chimborazo, Ecuador).

Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids versus continuation of triple therapy in patients with COPD in real life: observational comparative effectiveness study.

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are indicated for prevention of exacerbations in patients with COPD, but they are frequently overprescribed. ICS withdrawal has been recommended by international guidelines in order to prevent side effects in patients in whom ICS are not indicated.

Method: Observational comparative effectiveness study aimed to evaluate the effect of ICS withdrawal versus continuation of triple therapy (TT) in COPD patients in primary care.

Organizing Pneumonia After Exposure to Sodium Hypochlorite: A Case Report.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a rare inflammatory lung disease with a difficult diagnosis and sparse mentions in the literature. In most cases, the etiology is unknown but may be associated with infections, systemic disorders, exposure to industrial toxins and environmental pollutants, or even drug toxicity. This report describes a 77-year-old male who presented to the hospital with nonproductive cough, myalgias, fever, and progressive weight loss after prolonged exposure to sodium hypochlorite.

A real-life comparative effectiveness study into the addition of antibiotics to the management of asthma exacerbations in primary care.

Background: Asthma exacerbations are major contributors to asthma morbidity and mortality. They are usually managed with bronchodilators and oral corticosteroids (OCS), but clinical trial evidence suggests that antibiotics could be beneficial. We aimed to assess whether treatment of asthma exacerbations with antibiotics in addition to OCS improved outcomes in larger, more representative routine-care populations.

Hipopara-Red, Real Life Experience in 322 Patients With Hypoparathyroidism.

Context: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease and, as such, its natural history, long-term complications, and correct clinical management remain unclear.

Objective: To describe the natural history and clinical characteristics of the disease.

Design And Setting: To present a retrospective observational analysis from 7 specialized centers in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Infant-Toddler Checklist identifies 18-month-old children with communication difficulties in the Swedish child healthcare setting.

Aim: At present, there is no reliable method to screen for communication difficulties at age 18-months in the Swedish child health care. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (ITC) when used at the 18-month visit in the child healthcare setting.

Methods: Children aged 16-20 months (n = 679) were screened.

A chromosome-scale genome assembly of European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) reveals targets for crop improvement.

The European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a tree crop of economic importance worldwide, but especially for northern Turkey, where the majority of production takes place. Hazelnut production is currently challenged by environmental stresses, such as a recent outbreak of severe powdery mildew disease; furthermore, allergy to hazelnuts is an increasing health concern in some regions.

Dietary flavanols improve cerebral cortical oxygenation and cognition in healthy adults.

Cocoa flavanols protect humans against vascular disease, as evidenced by improvements in peripheral endothelial function, likely through nitric oxide signalling. Emerging evidence also suggests that flavanol-rich diets protect against cognitive aging, but mechanisms remain elusive. In a randomized double-blind within-subject acute study in healthy young adults, we link these two lines of research by showing, for the first time, that flavanol intake leads to faster and greater brain oxygenation responses to hypercapnia, as well as higher performance only when cognitive demand is high.

Concurrent brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance.

Objectives: Mental fatigue impairs endurance exercise. Brain endurance training (BET) - engaging in cognitively fatiguing tasks during exercise - can develop resilience to mental fatigue and improve physical performance over physical training alone. The mechanism for this effect is unknown.

Intermittent post-exercise sauna bathing improves markers of exercise capacity in hot and temperate conditions in trained middle-distance runners.

Purpose: This study investigated whether intermittent post-exercise sauna bathing across three-weeks endurance training improves exercise heat tolerance and exercise performance markers in temperate conditions, compared to endurance training alone. The subsidiary aim was to determine whether exercise-heat tolerance would further improve following 7-Weeks post-exercise sauna bathing.

Methods: Twenty middle-distance runners (13 female; mean ± SD, age 20 ± 2 years, [Formula: see text]O 56.

Efficient biobutanol production by acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from spent coffee grounds with microwave assisted dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment.

The integral valorization of potential sugars (cellulosic and hemicellulosic) from spent coffee grounds (SCG), a lignocellulosic residue, is proposed in this work. With this aim, the microwave assisted dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment has been optimized, leading to a hemicellulosic sugar recovery in the pretreatment liquid (HSR) and an enzymatic hydrolysis yield of 79 and 98%, respectively, at 160.47 °C and 1.