Exploring the use of solid fuels for cooking and household air pollution in informal settlements through photovoice: The Fuel to Pot study in Ndirande (Malawi) and Mukuru (Kenya).

Introduction: Worldwide, 2.4 billion people rely on solid fuels such as wood or charcoal for cooking, leading to approximately 3.2 million deaths per year from illnesses attributable to household air pollution.

Effects of increasing fitness through exercise training on language comprehension in monolingual and bilingual older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Exercise training has been proposed to counteract age-related cognitive decline through improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF hypothesis). Research has focused on cognitive domains like attention and processing speed, and one cross-sectional study reported a positive relationship between CRF and language production in older adults. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether these benefits could extend to language comprehension in healthy older adults, and whether bilinguals, for whom language processing is more costly, would exhibit greater benefits than monolinguals.

Improving Diagnostic Strategies for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Advice for the Clinician.

This review aims to raise awareness about the prevalence and impact of pediatric anxiety, emphasizing the need for clinician education in primary care and mental health settings. Early detection and management of pediatric anxiety can be achieved through the development and implementation of standardized screening protocols. Our goal is to positively improve the outcomes of pediatric patients suffering from anxiety by improving the awareness and knowledge of clinicians in primary and mental health care settings.

Cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time responses to exercise training in older adults.

Brain vascular health worsens with age, as is made evident by resting grey matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) reductions and lengthening arterial transit time (ATT). Exercise training can improve aspects of brain health in older adults, yet its effects on CBF and ATT remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial assessed responses of CBF and ATT to a 26 week exercise intervention in 65 healthy older adults (control: n = 33, exercise: n = 32, aged 60-81 years), including whether changes in CBF or ATT were associated with changes in cognitive functions.

Controls on spatial variation in porewater methane concentrations across United States tidal wetlands.

Tidal wetlands can be a substantial sink of greenhouse gases, which can be offset by variable methane (CH) emissions under certain environmental conditions and anthropogenic interventions. Land managers and policymakers need maps of tidal wetland CH properties to make restoration decisions and inventory greenhouse gases. However, there is a mismatch in spatial scale between point-based sampling of porewater CH concentration and its predictors, and the coarser resolution mapping products used to upscale these data.

Therapeutic Immunomodulation of Tumor-Lymphatic Crosstalk via Intratumoral Immunotherapy.

Intra- and peritumoral lymphatics and tumor-draining lymph nodes play major roles in mediating the adaptive immune response to cancer immunotherapy. Despite this, current paradigms of clinical cancer management seldom seek to therapeutically modulate tumor-lymphatic immune crosstalk. This review explores recent developments that set the stage for how this regulatory axis can be therapeutically manipulated, with a particular emphasis on tumor-localized immunomodulation.

Preclinical development of SGN-CD47M: Protease-activated antibody technology enables selective tumor targeting of the innate immune checkpoint receptor CD47.

CD47 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed on normal human tissues and has a key role as a marker of self. Tumor cells have coopted CD47 overexpression to evade immune surveillance and thus blockade of CD47 is a highly active area of clinical exploration in oncology. However, clinical development of CD47-targeted agents has been complicated by its robust expression in normal tissues and the toxicities that arise from blocking this inhibitory signal.

The Environmental Impact of a High-Altitude Medical Research Expedition.

Joyce, Kelsey E., Catherine A. Campbell, Arthur R.

Health insurance in the United States: A case of effectively maintained inequality?

The theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) (Lucas, 2001) posits that goods have both quantitative (how much?) and qualitative (what kind?) dimensions. Coupled with the hypothesized mechanisms of EMI, this simple observation greatly complicates research and policy development concerning inequality. First applied to explain educational inequality in the United States, evidence for the theory has been found in education systems in over 20 countries, including Chile, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Nigeria, South Africa, and South Korea.

Current trends, barriers, and facilitators of use of core outcome sets in Cochrane systematic reviews: Protocol.

: Core outcome sets (COS) represent agreed-upon minimum outcomes that should be reported in all studies in a given topic area. Cochrane reviews are considered among the most rigorously conducted systematic reviews (SRs). In 2019, seven of the first 100 published Cochrane SRs (7%) cited a COS in relation to choosing outcomes.

Determinants of cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time in healthy older adults.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT), markers of brain vascular health, worsen with age. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify modifiable determinants of CBF and ATT in healthy older adults ( = 78, aged 60-81 years). Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and CBF or ATT were of particular interest because the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness is not clear within existing literature.

Structure-Based Optimization of a Series of Covalent, Cell Active Bfl-1 Inhibitors.

Bfl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, plays a crucial role in apoptosis regulation and has been implicated in cancer cell survival and resistance to venetoclax therapy. Due to the unique cysteine residue in the BH3 binding site, the development of covalent inhibitors targeting Bfl-1 represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, the optimization of a covalent cellular tool from a lead-like hit using structure based design is described.

Nocturnal pulse oximetry for the detection and prediction of acute mountain sickness: An observational study.

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a well-studied illness defined by clinical features (e.g., headache and nausea), as assessed by the Lake Louise score (LLS).

Distinct and additive effects of visual and vibratory feedback for motor rehabilitation: an EEG study in healthy subjects.

Introduction: The use of visual and proprioceptive feedback is a key property of motor rehabilitation techniques. This feedback can be used alone, for example, for vision in mirror or video therapy, for proprioception in focal tendon vibration therapy, or in combination, for example, in robot-assisted training. This Electroencephalographic (EEG) study in healthy subjects explored the distinct neurophysiological impact of adding visual (video therapy), proprioceptive (focal tendinous vibration), or combined feedback (video therapy and focal tendinous vibration) to a motor imagery task.

Chronic pain after traumatic brain injury: a collaborative care approach.

Introduction: Chronic pain is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), frequently limits daily activities, and is associated with negative outcomes such as decreased community participation. Despite the negative impact of chronic pain, few people with TBI receive effective treatment. This paper describes a collaborative care (CC) intervention, TBI Care, adapted specifically to treat chronic pain in people living with TBI, emphasizing expert clinician input, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, and other non-pharmacological approaches for decreasing pain interference.

Hepatic sarcoid resembling lymphoma.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by non-caseating granulomas that can affect any organ, although lung involvement is the most common. It is rare to find sarcoidosis isolated to extrapulmonary organs. We describe a case of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis with involvement of the liver in a man in his late 40s.