Oral motor function in obesity.

Background: Obese individuals may have impaired oral sensory functioning and abnormal oral motor function, a consequence of fat deposition in muscles.

Objective: To evaluate the oral motor function in obese individuals.

Material And Methods: Three observational cross-sectional studies were performed.

Markers of Epstein-Barr virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 infection and multiple sclerosis clinical progression.

Background: Infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) onset but little work has studied their relationships in early disease.

Objective: Evaluate associations between markers of EBV and HHV-6 infection/reactivation and MS conversion, relapse and EDSS/MSSS amongst 205 CIS participants with EBV/HHV-6 data followed over 5 years.

Method: Baseline serological and viral load measures of EBV and HHV-6 exposure/reactivation were measured and infectious mononucleosis (IM) history recorded.

Update on the Features and Measurements of Experimental Acute Lung Injury in Animals: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Advancements in methods, technology, and our understanding of the pathobiology of lung injury have created the need to update the definition of experimental acute lung injury (ALI). We queried 50 participants with expertise in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome using a Delphi method composed of a series of electronic surveys and a virtual workshop. We propose that ALI presents as a "multidimensional entity" characterized by four "domains" that reflect the key pathophysiologic features and underlying biology of human acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Insomnia and nightmare profiles during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: characterization and associated factors.

Objective/background: To describe and characterize insomnia symptoms and nightmare profiles in Portugal during the first six weeks of a national lockdown due to COVID-19.

Patients/methods: An open cohort study was conducted to collect information of the general population during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. We analyzed data from 5011 participants (≥16 years) who answered a weekly questionnaire about their well-being.

Changes in serum neurofilament light chain levels following narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in clinically isolated syndrome.

Objective: To determine whether serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are suppressed in patients with the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) following narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (UVB-PT).

Methods: sNfL levels were measured using a sensitive single-molecule array assay at baseline and up to 12 months in 17 patients with CIS, 10 of whom received UVB-PT, and were compared with healthy control (HC) and early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) group. sNfL levels were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging total lesion volume (LV) determined using icobrain version 4.

Editorial.

In this brief article, the new editor-in-chief of the states that he looks forward to building on the success of his predecessor in the next 6 years. His editorial team has three primary goals: To continue to improve transparency and openness of the research published; to further diversify the journal (including diversity in authors of the papers published, the editors and reviewers who evaluate that work, the samples of participants who take part in these studies, and the methods used); and to attract and publish solid scientific studies that make important new contributions to the understanding of PPID. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Vitamin D metabolites and risk of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination.

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is a recognised risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Associations with vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding globulin (VDBG) have not been widely studied. We assessed the association between vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 25(OH)D, c3-epimer 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)D)) measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays, VDBG measured using a polyclonal immunoassay, and calculated free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, free 1,25(OH)D, and the 24,25(OH)D: total 25(OH)D and total 1,25(OH)D: total 25(OH)D ratios with risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD) in an Australian case-control study (n = 196 cases, n = 241 controls, matched on age, sex and study region).

IS THE WAIST/HEIGHT RATIO A BETTER PARAMETER THAN BMI IN DETERMINING THE CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK PROFILE OF OBESE PEOPLE?

Background: The increased prevalence of obesity has led to a significant increase in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, a recognized risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension are its main components. Since 2015, international guidelines have recognized the benefits of bariatric surgery in each isolated factor of this syndrome.

Xylan-Based Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy or PACT has been shown to be a promising antibacterial treatment that could overcome the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the use of most existing photosensitizers has been severely hampered by their significant self-quenching effect, poor water solubility, lack of selectivity against bacterial cells, and possible damage to the surrounding tissues. The use of hydrogels may overcome some of these limitations.

Refining the prediction of multisite pain in 13-year-old boys and girls by using parent-reported pain experiences in the first decade of life.

Background: We evaluated different pain profiles as prospective predictors of multisite pain in 13-year-old adolescents (1300 girls and 1457 boys) enrolled in Generation XXI, a birth cohort study in Portugal.

Methods: Pain history was queried using the Luebeck Pain Questionnaire through parent proxy- (ages 7 and 10) and adolescent (age 13) self-reports. We estimated the risk of multisite pain (2 or more pain sites) at age 13, according to previous pain experiences, including accumulation and timing.

Loved and lost or never loved at all? Lifelong marital histories and their links with subjective well-being.

Marriage has been linked to higher well-being. However, previous research has generally examined marital status at one point in time or over a relatively short window of time. In order to determine if different marital histories have unique impacts on well-being in later life, we conducted a marital sequence analysis of 7,532 participants from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (54.

Viral Transduction of Human Rod Opsin or Channelrhodopsin Variants to Mouse ON Bipolar Cells Does Not Impact Retinal Anatomy or Cause Measurable Death in the Targeted Cells.

The viral gene delivery of optogenetic actuators to the surviving inner retina has been proposed as a strategy for restoring vision in advanced retinal degeneration. We investigated the safety of ectopic expression of human rod opsin (hRHO), and two channelrhodopsins (enhanced sensitivity CoChR-3M and red-shifted ReaChR) by viral gene delivery in ON bipolar cells of the mouse retina. Adult mice were bred to be retinally degenerate or non-retinally degenerate (homozygous and heterozygous for the mutation, respectively) and intravitreally injected with recombinant adeno-associated virus AAV2/2(quad Y-F) serotype containing a double-floxed inverted transgene comprising one of the opsins of interest under a CMV promoter.

Association Between Time Spent Outdoors and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: This study aims to determine the contributions of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Children with MS and controls recruited from multiple centers in the United States were matched on sex and age. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association of time spent outdoors daily in summer, use of sun protection, and ambient summer UVR dose in the year before birth and the year before diagnosis with MS risk, with adjustment for sex, age, race, birth season, child's skin color, mother's education, tobacco smoke exposure, being overweight, and Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A proinflammatory diet is associated with an increased likelihood of first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination in women.

Background: While a number of studies have examined associations between dietary factors and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about intakes of inflammation-modulating foods and nutrients and risk of MS.

Objectives: To test associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination (FCD) (267 cases, 507 controls) using data from the Ausimmune Study.

Methods: The 2003-2006 Ausimmune Study was a multicentre, matched, case-control study examining environmental risk factors for an FCD, a common precursor to MS.

Daily electrical activity in the master circadian clock of a diurnal mammal.

Circadian rhythms in mammals are orchestrated by a central clock within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Our understanding of the electrophysiological basis of SCN activity comes overwhelmingly from a small number of nocturnal rodent species, and the extent to which these are retained in day-active animals remains unclear. Here, we recorded the spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of single SCN neurons in the diurnal rodent , and developed cutting-edge data assimilation and mathematical modeling approaches to uncover the underlying ionic mechanisms.

Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area decreases with age and sunglasses use.

Background: Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) is a method of detecting conjunctival damage related to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In cross-sectional studies, CUVAF area is positively associated with self-reported time spent outdoors and pterygium and negatively associated with myopia; however, longitudinal studies are scarce.

Aims: To use a novel deep learning-based tool to assess 8-year change in CUVAF area in young adults, investigate factors associated with this change and identify the number of new onset pterygia.

Challenges of translating epidemiologic research: An application to rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders.

Translation of research into public health policy is featured in common definitions of epidemiology, as an end result of scientific discovery on disease occurrence and causes. This dual nature of epidemiology, which brings together discovery and its use, seems to imply two main dimensions by which to judge epidemiologic research: technical or field-specific quality and societal value. This paper uses our research on the epidemiology of rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders as a starting point to discuss the interface between these dimensions, exploring a number of conceptual, practical and ethical challenges that epidemiologists increasingly need to address when aiming for research translation.

A Case-Control Study of Contextual Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.

Knowledge on the settings and activities associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential to inform decision-making. We thus designed a case-control study to identify relevant settings for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Portugal. We evaluated 1,088 cases, identified through the national surveillance system, and 787 community controls, recruited using random digit dialing.

Optimal surveillance strategies for patients with stage 1 cutaneous melanoma post primary tumour excision: three systematic reviews and an economic model.

Background: Malignant melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the UK, with rates continuing to rise, resulting in considerable burden to patients and the NHS.

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of current and alternative follow-up strategies for stage IA and IB melanoma.

Review Methods: Three systematic reviews were conducted.

Prospective characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children presenting to tertiary paediatric hospitals across Australia in 2020: a national cohort study.

Objective: To present Australia-wide data on paediatric COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndromes to inform health service provision and vaccination prioritisation.

Design: Prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Setting: Eight tertiary paediatric hospitals across six Australian states and territories in an established research surveillance network-Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease (PAEDS).

A proof-of-concept study utilising 2D NMR spectrometry for in situ characterisation and quantitation of key biomarkers and actives in tape stripped ex vivo human skin.

The development of a semi-automated and rapid analytical technique for dermatological analysis has become a key aim of many medical and commercial entities through greater awareness of people to skin health and its importance in the 21st century. We present a proof-of-concept methodology demonstrating the use of validated non-destructive, in-situ (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) NMR techniques for characterisation and quantitation of (Natural Moisturising Factor) NMF compounds and actives from topical formulations. This quantitation is crucial for appropriate diagnosis of atopic dermatitis severity due to its association with reduced NMF abundance.

Long-term exposure of mice to 890 ppm atmospheric CO alters growth trajectories and elicits hyperactive behaviours in young adulthood.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) levels are currently at 418 parts per million (ppm), and by 2100 may exceed 900 ppm. The biological effects of lifetime exposure to CO at these levels is unknown. Previously we have shown that mouse lung function is altered by long-term exposure to 890 ppm CO .