Exercise performance effect of central dopamine is mediated by hypothalamic neuronal activation.

Acting centrally, dopamine has been shown to induce ergogenic effects derived from its influence on thermoregulation, motivation, reward, and motor control. Thus, to evaluate the role of the central dopaminergic system in hypothalamic neuronal activation and its relationship with exercise performance, Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with saline (SAL) or SCH-23390 (SCH, dopamine D1 receptor blocker) at rest and before timed submaximal exercise (∼13 min) or exercise until fatigue. Core body and tail temperatures were recorded throughout the exercise.

Aerobic performance in rats subjected to incremental-speed running exercise: A multiple regression analysis study emphasizing thermoregulation-related variables.

Single-variable analyses have limited ability to explain complex phenomena such as the regulation of prolonged physical (aerobic) performance. Our study aimed to identify predictors of performance in rats subjected to incremental-speed running exercise. Notably, most variables assessed were associated with rats' thermoregulation.

Hypothyroidism alters the rhythmicity of the central clock, body temperature and metabolism: evidence of Bmal1 transcriptional regulation by T3.

In mammals, the central circadian oscillator is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis components exhibit circadian oscillation, regulated by both central clock innervation and intrinsic circadian clocks in the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands. Thyroid disorders alter the rhythmicity of peripheral clocks in a tissue-dependent response; however, whether these effects are influenced by alterations in the master clock remains unknown.

Differences between 48 and 72-hour intervals on match load and subsequent recovery: a report from the Brazilian under-20 national football team.

Purpose: To compare the external and internal load and subsequent recovery of football players after international tournament matches separated by 48 h vs. 72 h.

Methods: A total of 14 male football players from the Brazilian National Team, competing in the 2019 South American Under-20 Championship, participated in the study.

Plant-based diets benefit aerobic performance and do not compromise strength/power performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Plant-based diets have emerged as athletic performance enhancers for various types of exercise. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of plant-based diets on aerobic and strength/power performances, as well as on BMI of physically active individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and reported according to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Is melatonin as an ergogenic hormone a myth? a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Melatonin supplementation has been disclosed as an ergogenic substance. However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in healthy subjects has not been systematically investigated. The present study analyzed the effects of melatonin supplementation on physical performance and recovery.

TRPV1 inactivation alters core body temperature and serum corticosterone levels: Impacts on clock genes expression in the liver and adrenal glands.

Purpose: TRPV1 desensitization or blockade promotes hyperthermia in rodents. Daily changes in core body temperature (Tc), spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), and glucocorticoids are temporal cues for peripheral clocks. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of both desensitization and blockade of TRPV1 on Tc, SLA, blood corticosterone, and the clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in the liver and adrenal.

Is physical performance affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the effects of ingesting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on physical performance, muscle strength, and muscle damage in three different moments: immediately, 24 and 48 h after resistance exercise practice.

Methods: Relevant studies were researched in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) in April 2023. After excluding duplicates, the decision to include or exclude studies was made by two independent investigators in the following steps: (I) the study title; (II) the study abstract; and (III) the complete study manuscript.

Skeletal muscle dysfunctions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Effects of aerobic exercise training.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with skeletal muscle myopathy and atrophy and impaired exercise tolerance. Aerobic exercise training has been recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy for deleterious effects imposed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aerobic physical training induces skeletal muscle adaptations reduced inflammation, improved anabolic processes, decreased hypoxia and regulation of mitochondrial function.

Determinants of body core temperatures at fatigue in rats subjected to incremental-speed exercise: The prominent roles of ambient temperature, distance traveled, initial core temperature, and measurement site.

Understanding the factors that underlie the physical exercise-induced increase in body core temperature (T) is essential to developing strategies to counteract hyperthermic fatigue and reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke. This study analyzed the contribution of six factors to T attained at fatigue in Wistar rats (n = 218) subjected to incremental-speed treadmill running: ambient temperature (T), distance traveled, initial T, body mass, measurement site, and heat loss index (HLI). First, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with data from different studies conducted in our laboratory (n = 353 recordings).

Norepinephrine modulation of heat dissipation in female rats lacking estrogen.

Postmenopausal hot flushes are caused by lack of estradiol (E2) but their neuroendocrine basis is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interrelationship between norepinephrine and hypothalamic neurons, with emphasis on kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), as a regulatory pathway in the vasomotor effects of E2. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats displayed increased tail skin temperature (TST), and this increase was prevented in OVX rats treated with E2 (OVX + E2).

Fatigue and Recovery Time Course After Female Soccer Matches: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the extent of fatigue responses after female soccer matches and the ensuing recovery time course of performance, physiological, and perceptual responses.

Methods: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in October 2020 and updated in November 2021. Studies were included when participants were female soccer players, regardless of their ability level.

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on physical performance after myocardial revascularization. In addition, we compared the type and duration of exercise-based CR protocols to determine which ones produced the best performance improvements.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA statement.

Effects of Increased Central Cholinergic Activity on the Metabolic Challenge Induced by Submaximal Exercise in Rats: Adrenomedullary Secretion Influences.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of adrenomedullary secretion on the plasma glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids (FFAs) during running exercise in rats submitted to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.

Inhibition of nNOS in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus decreases exercise-induced hyperthermia.

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is an important site for autonomic control, which integrates thermoregulation centers and sympathetic outflow to thermoeffector organs. PVN neurons express the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) whose expression is locally upregulated by physical exercise. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of nNOS in the PVN in the exercise-induced hyperthermia.

Impaired thermoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats during physical exercise is related to reduced hypothalamic neuronal activation.

This study aimed to evaluate the physical exercise-induced neuronal activation in brain nuclei controlling thermoregulatory responses in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Sixteen-week-old male normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were implanted with an abdominal temperature sensor. After recovery, the animals were subjected to a constant-speed treadmill running (at 60% of the maximum aerobic speed) for 30 min at 25 °C.

Involvement of brainstem noradrenergic system in cutaneous heat loss during exercise.

The involvement of brainstem noradrenergic system in thermoregulation during exercise was evaluated by assessing the neuronal activation of A1, A2, locus coeruleus (LC) during exercise. Male Wistar rats weighing 280-330 g were used in the present study. Ninety minutes after exercise bout until fatigue, animals were anaesthesiated and brain removed and processed immunohistochemically for Fos protein and tyrosine hydroxylase in A1, A2 and LC and for Fos in POA subregions.

Exercise capacity in different stages of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the exercise capacity of hypertensive rats at different stages of development of hypertension and to determine the most suitable index to evaluate the exercise capacity in different strains.

Methods: Male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of 5, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were submitted to the exercise capacity test. The exercise running time was measured and the workload was calculated.

Spontaneously hypertensive rats have greater impairments in regulating abdominal temperature than brain cortex temperature following physical exercise.

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in brain (T) and abdominal (T) temperatures in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) following fatiguing exercise. Male normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs) and SHRs were used at 16 weeks of age. Their arterial pressure was measured by tail plethysmography prior to the experiments to confirm the hypertensive status of the SHRs.

Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training.

Background: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during physical exercise.

Objective: To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol.

Methods: Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups: control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and trained SHR (T-SHR).

Nitrate supplementation improves physical performance specifically in non-athletes during prolonged open-ended tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nitrate (NO3 -) is an ergogenic nutritional supplement that is widely used to improve physical performance. However, the effectiveness of NO3 - supplementation has not been systematically investigated in individuals with different physical fitness levels. The present study analysed whether different fitness levels (non-athletes v.

Thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats: methodological aspects and relevance to human physiology.

Rats are used worldwide in experiments that aim to investigate the physiological responses induced by a physical exercise session. Changes in body temperature regulation, which may affect both the performance and the health of exercising rats, are evident among these physiological responses. Despite the universal use of rats in biomedical research involving exercise, investigators often overlook important methodological issues that hamper the accurate measurement of clear thermoregulatory responses.

Brain Temperature in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats during Physical Exercise in Temperate and Warm Environments.

This study aimed to evaluate brain temperature (Tbrain) changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) subjected to two different physical exercise protocols in temperate or warm environments. We also investigated whether hypertension affects the kinetics of exercise-induced increases in Tbrain relative to the kinetics of abdominal temperature (Tabd) increases. Male 16-week-old normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs) and SHRs were implanted with an abdominal temperature sensor and a guide cannula in the frontal cortex to enable the insertion of a thermistor to measure Tbrain.

Attenuation of Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in diabetic rat heart: insulin therapy or aerobic exercise?

We tested the effects of swimming training and insulin therapy, either alone or in combination, on the intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial functions in diabetic rat hearts. Male Wistar rats were separated into control, diabetic, or diabetic plus insulin groups. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin (STZ).