The G-S transition is promoted by Rb degradation via the E3 ligase UBR5.

Mammalian cells make the decision to divide at the G-S transition in response to diverse signals impinging on the retinoblastoma protein Rb, a cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor. Passage through the G-S transition is initially driven by Rb inactivation via phosphorylation and by Rb's decreasing concentration in G. While many studies have identified the mechanisms of Rb phosphorylation, the mechanism underlying Rb's decreasing concentration in G was unknown.

Cell Size Contributes to Single-Cell Proteome Variation.

Accurate measurements of the molecular composition of single cells will be necessary for understanding the relationship between gene expression and function in diverse cell types. One of the most important phenotypes that differs between cells is their size, which was recently shown to be an important determinant of proteome composition in populations of similarly sized cells. We, therefore, sought to test if the effects of the cell size on protein concentrations were also evident in single-cell proteomics data.

The G1/S transition is promoted by Rb degradation via the E3 ligase UBR5.

Mammalian cells make the decision to divide at the G1/S transition in response to diverse signals impinging on the retinoblastoma protein Rb, a cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor. Rb is inhibited by two parallel pathways. In the canonical pathway, Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 kinase complexes phosphorylate and inactivate Rb.

Statistical mechanics of thermostatically controlled multizone buildings.

We study the collective phenomena and constraints associated with the aggregation of individual cooling units from a statistical mechanics perspective. These units are modeled as thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and represent zones in a large commercial or residential building. Their energy input is centralized and controlled by a collective unit-the air handling unit (AHU)-delivering cool air to all TCLs, thereby coupling them together.