Disseminated fusariosis in a patient with bone marrow aplasia.

Fusariosis is a superficial or systemic infection, which occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts, especially in patients with hematological neoplasia; 70%-75% of the cases present cutaneous manifestations. The disseminated form is rare and difficult to diagnose; even with specific treatment, the evolution is usually fatal. Currently, it is considered an emerging disease; in some centers, it is the second most common cause of invasive mycosis, after aspergillosis.

Role of zinc transporter ZIP12 in susceptibility-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotypes and mitochondrial function.

Brain zinc dysregulation is linked to many neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms regulating brain zinc homeostasis are poorly understood. We performed secondary analyses of brain MRI GWAS and exome sequencing data from adults in the UK Biobank.

Monolithic piezoelectric control of soliton microcombs.

High-speed actuation of laser frequency is critical in applications using lasers and frequency combs, and is a prerequisite for phase locking, frequency stabilization and stability transfer among optical carriers. For example, high-bandwidth feedback control of frequency combs is used in optical-frequency synthesis, frequency division and optical clocks. Soliton microcombs have emerged as chip-scale frequency comb sources, and have been used in system-level demonstrations.

Climatic variables influence the temporal dynamics of an anuran metacommunity in a nonstationary way.

Understanding the temporal dynamics of communities is crucial to predict how communities respond to climate change. Several factors can promote variation in phenology among species, including tracking of seasonal resources, adaptive responses to other species, demographic stochasticity, and physiological constraints. The activities of ectothermic vertebrates are sensitive to climatic variations due to the effect of temperature and humidity on species physiology.

Periconception maternal low-protein diet adversely affects male mouse fetal bone growth and mineral density quality in late gestation.

Adverse programming of adult non-communicable disease can be induced by poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the periconception period has been identified as a vulnerable period. In the current study, we used a mouse maternal low-protein diet fed either for the duration of pregnancy (LPD) or exclusively during the preimplantation period (Emb-LPD) with control nutrition provided thereafter and postnatally to investigate effects on fetal bone development and quality. This model has been shown previously to induce cardiometabolic and neurological disease phenotypes in offspring.

Task-Specific Versus Impairment-Based Training on Locomotor Performance in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Crossover Study.

. Many research studies attempting to improve locomotor function following motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) focus on providing stepping practice. However, observational studies of physical therapy strategies suggest the amount of stepping practice during clinical rehabilitation is limited; rather, many interventions focus on mitigating impairments underlying walking dysfunction.

A Prospective Randomized Trial to Compare Safety, Acceptability and Efficacy of Thermal Ablation and Cryotherapy in a Screen and Treat Setting.

Background: The prospective randomized study aimed to compare the safety, acceptability and efficacy of thermal ablation (TA) to that of cryotherapy in screen and treat setting.

Methods: The participants were recruited prospectively in a community-based screening clinic in India. Women positive on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) test and/or Human Papillomavirus (HPV) test were assessed for eligibility for ablative treatment.

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America: the ESTAMPA screening study protocol.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal.

Achieving Site-Selectivity for C-H Activation Processes Based on Distance and Geometry: A Carpenter's Approach.

The ability to differentiate between highly similar C-H bonds in a given molecule remains a fundamental challenge in organic chemistry. In particular, the lack of sufficient steric and electronic differences between C-H bonds located distal to functional groups has prevented the development of site-selective catalysts with broad scope. An emerging approach to circumvent this obstacle is to utilize the between a target C-H bond and a coordinating functional group, along with the of the cyclic transition state in directed C-H activation, as core molecular recognition parameters to differentiate between multiple C-H bonds.

Heteronuclear soliton molecules in optical microresonators.

Optical soliton molecules are bound states of solitons that arise from the balance between attractive and repulsive effects. Having been observed in systems ranging from optical fibres to mode-locked lasers, they provide insights into the fundamental interactions between solitons and the underlying dynamics of the nonlinear systems. Here, we enter the multistability regime of a Kerr microresonator to generate superpositions of distinct soliton states that are pumped at the same optical resonance, and report the discovery of heteronuclear dissipative Kerr soliton molecules.

Chemical characterization of marijuana blunt smoke by non-targeted chemical analysis.

Marijuana blunts, which are tobacco cigar wrappers filled with marijuana, are commonly smoked in the US as a means of cannabis use. The use of marijuana blunts presents toxicity concerns because the smoke contains both marijuana-related and tobacco-related chemicals. Thus, it is important to understand the chemical composition of mainstream smoke (MSS) from marijuana blunts.

Massively parallel coherent laser ranging using a soliton microcomb.

Coherent ranging, also known as frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) laser-based light detection and ranging (lidar) is used for long-range three-dimensional distance and velocimetry in autonomous driving. FMCW lidar maps distance to frequency using frequency-chirped waveforms and simultaneously measures the Doppler shift of the reflected laser light, similar to sonar or radar and coherent detection prevents interference from sunlight and other lidar systems. However, coherent ranging has a lower acquisition speed and requires precisely chirped and highly coherent laser sources, hindering widespread use of the lidar system and impeding parallelization, compared to modern time-of-flight ranging systems that use arrays of individual lasers.

PD-L1 Expression and CD8+ Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Different Types of Tubo-ovarian Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Value in High-grade Serous Carcinoma.

The prevalence and significance of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in different types of tubo-ovarian carcinoma have not been well defined. We evaluated PD-L1 expression and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in whole tissue sections of 189 cases of tubo-ovarian carcinoma, including high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC, n=100), clear cell carcinoma (CCC, n=24), endometrioid carcinoma (EmC, n=40), and mucinous carcinomas (MC, n=25). Using the tumor proportion score (TPS) with a 1% cutoff, PD-L1 expression was present in 21% of HGSC, 16.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy of a Community Health Worker-Driven Approach to Screen Hard-to-Reach Periurban Women Using Self-Sampled HPV Detection Test in India.

Purpose: Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in self-collected vaginal samples can significantly improve participation of hard-to-reach women; however, the implementation of such an approach in a real-life setting, especially in countries with limited resources, has certain challenges. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of implementing an HPV self-sampling-based approach to screen a socioeconomically disadvantaged, unscreened population with support from community health workers (CHWs) for community mobilization, counseling, and navigation. Different triaging options for HPV-positive women were also assessed.

Freeze-Dried Watermelon Supplementation Has Modest Effects on Bone and Lipid Parameters of Ovariectomized Mice.

This study investigated the effects of two doses of freeze-dried watermelon (WM) on bone and lipid parameters in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Three-month-old C57BL/6 female mice (n=46) were sham-operated (SHAM) or OVX and randomly assigned to the control or WM diets for 12 weeks: SHAM-control, OVX-control, OVX+1%, or 10% (wt/wt) freeze-dried WM. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, and had the same calcium and phosphorus concentrations.

Orexin signaling in GABAergic lateral habenula neurons modulates aggressive behavior in male mice.

Heightened aggression is characteristic of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and can have various negative effects on patients, their families and the public. Recent studies in humans and animals have implicated brain reward circuits in aggression and suggest that, in subsets of aggressive individuals, domination of subordinate social targets is reinforcing. In this study, we showed that, in male mice, orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus activated a small population of glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (GAD2)-expressing neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) via orexin receptor 2 (OxR2) and that activation of these GAD2 neurons promoted male-male aggression and conditioned place preference for aggression-paired contexts.

Testing the Food Experience in Healthy Human Volunteers: a Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background And Aims: For a healthy food to be introduced to the consumer's diet, it has to be attractive, yet testing for food acceptance and the sensory postprandial responses is still not standardized. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that healthier foods can be obtained without impact on the responses to ingestion.

Methods: A randomized, cross-over, double-blind, pilot study in non-obese, healthy men (n=8) comparing the responses to a standard sausage rich in animal fat (mortadella) versus a modified product based on a plant-derived fat analogue and an aroma.

Biophysicochemical motifs in T cell receptor sequences as a potential biomarker for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

We previously showed, in a pilot study with publicly available data, that T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) could be distinguished from adjacent healthy tissue repertoires by the presence of TCRs bearing specific, biophysicochemical motifs in their antigen binding regions. We hypothesized that such motifs might allow development of a novel approach to cancer detection. The motifs were cancer specific and achieved high classification accuracy: we found distinct motifs for breast versus colorectal cancer-associated repertoires, and the colorectal cancer motif achieved 93% accuracy, while the breast cancer motif achieved 94% accuracy.

Landscape of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer Receiving Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Systematic Literature Review.

Objectives: Pancreatic resection is associated with postoperative morbidity and reduced quality of life (QoL). A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) landscape in early-stage pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: Databases/registries (through January 24, 2019) and conference abstracts (2014-2017) were searched.

Chip-based soliton microcomb module using a hybrid semiconductor laser.

Photonic chip-based soliton microcombs have shown rapid progress and have already been used in many system-level applications. There has been substantial progress in realizing soliton microcombs that rely on compact laser sources, culminating in devices that only utilize a semiconductor gain chip or a self-injection-locked laser diode as the pump source. However, generating single solitons with electronically detectable repetition rates from a compact laser module has remained challenging.

Prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons require juvenile social experience to establish adult social behavior.

Social isolation during the juvenile critical window is detrimental to proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and establishment of appropriate adult social behaviors. However, the specific circuits that undergo social experience-dependent maturation to regulate social behavior are poorly understood. We identify a specific activation pattern of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs) in dorsal-medial PFC (dmPFC) prior to an active bout, or a bout initiated by the focal mouse, but not during a passive bout when mice are explored by a stimulus mouse.