Telmisartan improves insulin resistance in high renin nonmodulating salt-sensitive hypertensives.

Background: Nonmodulating (NMHT) is a high-renin subtype of salt sensitive hypertension, which additionally develops insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Conversely, modulating hypertensives (MHT) normally regulates renal hemodynamics after high sodium intake without metabolic impairment. We postulate that telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker with partial peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorgamma partial agonist, may improve insulin resistance compared with ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in NMHT.

Vascular oxidative stress is associated with insulin resistance in hyper-reninemic nonmodulating essential hypertension.

Background: Nonmodulating hypertension (NMHT) is a high-renin subtype of salt-sensitive hypertension due to renal hemodynamic alterations.

Aims: To evaluate, in NMHT, whether the increased oxidative stress, which interferes with endothelial function, could be the consequence of an elevated renin-angiotensin activity and insulin resistance.

Methods: Fourteen patients with NMHT and 12 with modulating hypertension (MHT) were included.

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia promotes renal hemodynamic dysfunction without histopathologic changes in adult rats.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is able to promote glomerular damage and generate tubulointerstitial lesions. These findings were reported in rats with unilateral nephrectomy or in weanling rats with normal function, two experimental models that are exposed to other concomitant vascular risk factors. The aim of this work is to study whether mild hyperhomocisteinemia per se can induce renal histopathologic changes in adults rats with normal renal function at either 10 or 44 weeks of hyperhomocysteinemia.

Hyperhomocysteinemia induces renal hemodynamic dysfunction: is nitric oxide involved?

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of systemic and renal hemodynamics. This study investigated whether hyperhomocysteinemia induces renal oxidative stress and promotes renal dysfunction involving disturbances of the NO-pathway in Wistar rats.