Associations between perceived parenting, brain activity and connectivity, and depression symptoms in Brazilian adolescents.

In adolescence, parental care is associated with lower depression symptoms whereas parental overprotection is associated with greater depression symptoms, effects which may be mediated by adolescent brain activity and connectivity. The present study examined associations between perceived parenting, brain activity and connectivity, and depression symptoms in adolescents from Brazil, a middle-income country (MIC). Analyses included 100 adolescents who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning while completing a face matching task.

An MRI-based morphometric and structural covariance network study of Brazilian adolescents stratified by depression risk.

Objective: To explore differences in regional cortical morphometric structure between adolescents at risk for depression or with current depression.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional structural neuroimaging data from a sample of 150 Brazilian adolescents classified as low-risk (n=50) or high-risk for depression (n=50) or with current depression (n=50) through a vertex-based approach with measurements of cortical volume, surface area and thickness. Differences between groups in subcortical volumes and in the organization of networks of structural covariance were also explored.

Frontolimbic Network Topology Associated With Risk and Presence of Depression in Adolescents: A Study Using a Composite Risk Score in Brazil.

Background: There have been significant challenges in understanding functional brain connectivity associated with adolescent depression, including the need for a more comprehensive approach to defining risk, the lack of representation of participants from low- and middle-income countries, and the need for network-based approaches to model connectivity. The current study aimed to address these challenges by examining resting-state functional connectivity of frontolimbic circuitry associated with the risk and presence of depression in adolescents in Brazil.

Methods: Adolescents in Brazil ages 14 to 16 years were classified into low-risk, high-risk, and depressed groups using a clinical assessment and composite risk score that integrates 11 sociodemographic risk variables.

Reward- and threat-related neural function associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents: a study using a composite risk score in Brazil.

Background: Neuroimaging studies on adolescents at risk for depression have relied on a single risk factor and focused on adolescents in high-income countries. Using a composite risk score, this study aims to examine neural activity and connectivity associated with risk and presence of depression in adolescents in Brazil.

Methods: Depression risk was defined with the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA-RS), calculated using a prognostic model that included 11 socio-demographic risk factors.

The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort (IDEA-RiSCo): Rationale, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics.

The characterization of adolescents at high risk for developing depression has traditionally relied on the presence or absence of single risk factors. More recently, the use of composite risk scores combining information from multiple variables has gained attention in prognostic research in the field of mental health. We previously developed a sociodemographic composite score to estimate the individual level probability of depression occurrence in adolescence, the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA-RS).

Mind the brain gap: The worldwide distribution of neuroimaging research on adolescent depression.

Adolescents comprise one fourth of the world's population, with about 90% of them living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The incidence of depression markedly increases during adolescence, making the disorder a leading cause of disease-related disability in this age group. However, most research on adolescent depression has been performed in high-income countries (HICs).

New Insights into Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity.

Purpose Of Review: The review aims to summarize the present knowledge about cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and dissect underlying mechanism associated with individual cardiovascular toxicity.

Recent Findings: Widespread use of ICI therapy has allowed for increasing recognition of a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events that leave all organ systems vulnerable. Immune-mediated cardiovascular toxicities, initially thought to be rare, are more often being reported and present considerable challenges due to their non-specific clinical presentation, potential to have a fulminant progression, and overlap with other cardiovascular and general medical illnesses.

Neuroimaging adolescents with depression in a middle-income country: feasibility of an fMRI protocol and preliminary results.

Objective: To test the feasibility and to present preliminary results of a neuroimaging protocol to evaluate adolescent depression in a middle-income setting.

Methods: We assessed psychotropic medication-free adolescents (age range 14-16 years) with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation and both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Intrinsic Brain Connectivity Following Long-Term Treatment with Methylphenidate in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction: Although widely used for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the life span, the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on the brain are not completely understood. Functional neuroimaging techniques may help increase knowledge about the mechanisms of MPH action.

Objective: To evaluate changes in functional connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in children with ADHD following long-term treatment with MPH.