Twenty Years of Experience in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) Preoperative Endovascular Embolization: An Effective Procedure with a Low Complications Rate.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor of the nasal cavity that predominantly affects young boys. Surgical removal remains the gold standard for the management of this disease. Preoperative intra-arterial embolization (PIAE) is useful for reductions in intraoperative blood loss and surgical complications.

Maxillary Sinus Floor Infiltration: Results From a Series of 118 Maxillary Sinus Cancers.

Objectives/hypothesis: Maxillary cancers are rare and aggressive tumors, which can spread beyond the sinus bony walls. Preoperative assessment of infiltration of maxillary sinus floor (MSF) is paramount for surgical planning, as palatomaxillary demolition significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This study investigates the challenges involved in the preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of MSF infiltration and analyzes its prognostic relevance.

Long Term Outcomes of Nasoseptal Perforation Repair With an Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Flap.

Background: Nasoseptal perforation repair is a challenging condition with no standard technique for repair recognized.

Methods: A case series of consecutive patients who underwent nasoseptal perforation repair with an anterior ethmoidal artery flap was conducted. Demographic data, preoperative features of the perforation and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

Performing otolaryngological outpatient consultation during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the Otolaryngology outpatient clinical practice, which is at high risk of respiratory viral transmission due to the close contact between the examiner and the patient's airway secretions [1]. Moreover, most otolaryngological procedures, including oropharyngoscopy, generate droplets or aerosols from high viral shedding areas [1]. Thus, only non-deferrable consultations were performed in the outbreak's acute phase.

Endoscopic Endonasal Prelacrimal Approach: Radiological Considerations, Morbidity, and Outcomes.

Objective/hypothesis: This study describes a multicentric experience with the use of prelacrimal approach (PLA), focusing on preoperative radiological parameters potentially associated with surgical outcomes and postoperative morbidity.

Study Design: Retrospective case-series.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing PLA in three European referral centers was performed.

Modified Posterior Pedicle Middle Turbinate Flap: An Additional Option for Skull Base Resurfacing.

Objectives/hypothesis: Although the Hadad-Bassagusteguy flap represents the first choice for middle and posterior skull base reconstruction and coverage of exposed bony areas, in some cases it is unavailable. The aim of this study is to describe, as an alternative option in selected cases, a modified posterior pedicle middle turbinate flap (mPPMTF) extended to the lacrimal area. Anatomical features, step-by-step harvesting technique, and surgical applications are presented.

Temporoparietal Fascia Flap Endonasal Transposition in Skull Base Reconstruction: Surgical Technique.

Reconstruction of wide skull base defects resulting from multimodal treatment of cranial base malignancies are challenging. Endonasal pedicled flaps (e.g.

Spontaneous CSF Leaks and IIH: A Flawless Connection? An Experience With 167 Patients.

Objectives: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a rare but insidious clinical entity. In the recent literature, their pathogenesis has been linked with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Considering a worse surgical outcome compared to traumatic leaks, a medical treatment of the underlying IIH has been suggested in order to prevent relapses.

Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center.

Background: Italy was the first European country suffering from COVID-19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The role of a post therapeutic surveillance program for sinonasal malignancies: Analysis of 417 patients.

Background: Post therapeutic surveillance of head and neck neoplasms is a still debated issue in the current literature: although different works tried to establish frequency, modality, and efficacy of a routine follow-up, little evidence has been produced, in particular considering only sinonasal malignancies.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated for sinonasal malignancies in a single tertiary center and followed through a regular program of follow-up was carried out. Rate of recurrence, location, timing, diagnosis, and salvage treatment were the main data analyzed.

Endoscopic Transnasal Cryo-Assisted Removal of Orbital Cavernous Hemangiomas: Case Report and Technical Hints.

Background: Cryoprobe devices are used by ophthalmic and orbital surgeons for extraction of fluid-filled intraorbital lesions. No series has described cryodissection via an exclusively transnasal approach. We describe 2 cases of purely endoscopic transnasal removal of intraconal orbital hemangiomas with the aid of a dedicated cryoprobe.

Endoscopic endonasal resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and skull base.

Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a locally aggressive salivary gland malignancy prone to perineural invasion and local recurrences. In the literature, few data exist to guide treatment when this tumor involves the paranasal sinuses and skull base. We report our experience in the management of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma through an endoscopic endonasal approach.

Sinonasal Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 22 Patients.

Objective: To analyze outcomes and prognostic factors of sinonasal nonsalivary non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (n-ITAC.) METHODS: A retrospective review of 22 consecutive patients with n-ITAC was performed.

Results: Average follow-up time was 77 months.

Endoscopic endonasal approach for sinonasal and anterior skull base malignancies in the elderly.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of endoscopic transnasal resection for sinonasal and anterior skull-base cancers in elderly patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups, <70 years old and ≥70 years old and compared by univariate analysis.

Primary Ectopic Ethmoidal Craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngiomas are benign but aggressive epithelial tumors usually originating in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland from squamous remnants of an incompletely involuted craniopharingeal duct developing from the Rathke pouch. To the authors' knowledge only 1 patient of a primary isolated ethmoidal craniopharyngioma has been reported in the literature.The authors report the case of a 17-year-old boy with a primary extracranial ethmoidal craniopharyngioma.

Survival outcomes after endoscopic resection for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma arising on inverted papilloma.

Background: Sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) can be associated synchronously or metachronously to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 5% to 10% of cases. The purposes of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of patients with sinonasal SCC arising from inverted papilloma (IP-SCC) treated through an endoscopic approach and review the pertinent literature.

Methods: The medical records of all patients treated for IP-SCC between 1997 and 2014 at 2 referral centers following a uniform policy were retrospectively analyzed.

Endoscopic Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma of the Sinonasal Tract.

The extra-skeletal form is an unusual type of Ewing sarcoma (ES) arising from soft tissue and in the literature there are reports of less than 50 patients describing the tumor in the paranasal sinuses and skull base. The histological diagnosis is crucial to plan the correct treatment and the molecular confirmation is mandatory in equivocal patients. A multimodality treatment with chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy improved the outcomes of these diseases during the last decades and a free-margin resection with the endoscopic transnasal technique is one of the most recent ways to manage these pathologies in selected patients, reducing the morbidities of the external approaches and preserving the quality of life of the patient.

Endoscopic endonasal orbital transposition to expand the frontal sinus approaches.

Background: The management of frontal sinus disease still remains a challenging issue for rhinologists. Although endoscopic frontal sinus surgery has significantly advanced over the past years, there are some conditions in which the external approaches are still necessary. Recently, the increasing experience in endoscopic sinus surgery together with important technologic advancements have allowed expansion of the indications for selected lesions localized more and more lateral into the frontal sinus.

Treatment strategies for primary early-stage sinonasal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective bi-institutional case-control study.

Objective: To investigate different treatment strategies for primary early-stage (pT1-T2) sinonasal adenocarcinomas.

Methods: Retrospective case-control study. From 2000 to 2011, 61 cases were radically resected using an endoscopic endonasal approach.

Endoscopic transnasal resection of Eustachian-tube dermoid in a new-born infant.

Introduction: Dermoids of the Eustachian tube are rare benign developmental tumours that typically occur in female children. General consensus of classification and nomenclature has still not been reached. The treatment of choice consists of a radical surgical excision.