Evaluation of the effects of cementless total hip replacement on femoral length in skeletally immature dogs.

Objective: To describe percentage length changes in the femur after total hip replacement (THR) performed before skeletal maturity.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Twenty-four dogs younger than 8.

Modified Cranial Closing Wedge Osteotomy (AMA-Based CCWO) to Treat Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifle in 204 Dogs Over 50 Kg: Magnitude of the Craniocaudal Angulation of the Proximal Tibia and Rate of Surgical Site Infection.

Objectives:  The aim of this retrospective study was to report the magnitude of the craniocaudal angulation of the proximal tibia (CCAPT) quantified by the angle between the anatomical axis (AA) and the mechanical axis (MA), called the AMA angle, and the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in dogs >50 kg that were treated by cranial closing wedge osteotomy based on the AMA angle (AMA-based CCWO). Furthermore, the percentage of dogs in which the AA and MA could be aligned postoperatively and the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) were reported.

Study Design:  Medical records (between January 2016 and September 2023) were reviewed for 204 dogs that had AMA-based CCWO stabilized with a double locking plate (DLP) fixation with or without joint exploration plus a Robert Jones bandage (RJB) and were given postoperative antibiotics.

A New Generation of Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System for the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Femoral Condyle: Clinical Experience in 18 Dogs.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to describe the clinical application and outcome of osteochondral autograft transfer using the COR system (COR; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, Indiana, United States) for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the femoral condyle in dogs.

Methods:  Medical records of dogs that were treated for OCD of the femoral condyle using the COR system between February 2013 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The results of pre- and postoperative clinical and radiographic examinations were evaluated.

Comparison of tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles and patellar positions between tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (AMA-based CCWO) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in large dogs with tibial plateau slopes greater than 30° and clinically normal Labradors retrievers.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles (AMA-angles) and proximodistal and craniocaudal patellar positions following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and AMA-based modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO) in large dogs with tibial plateau angle (TPA) > 30°, to compare these postoperative positions with those of a control group of healthy normal dogs, and to assess which procedure yields postoperative morphology of the tibiae and stifles that is most consistent with that of the unaffected group. This study also investigated whether the occurrence of patellar ligament thickening (PLT), which is commonly observed 2 months postoperatively after TPLO, is associated with misplacement of the osteotomy. A total of 120 dogs weighing more than 20 kg, 40 of which were control animals, were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Hemiepiphysiodesis for the Correction of Distal Femoral Valgus in Growing Dogs.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to describe hemiepiphysiodesis for the treatment of distal femoral valgus in immature dogs and to evaluate its effect on the anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA).

Methods:  Skeletally immature dogs with distal femoral valgus deformities that had undergone hemiepiphysiodesis between November 2012 and March 2020 at two private veterinary practices were included. Criteria for inclusion in the study were a preoperative aLDFA below the previously published reference range (94 ± 3.

Postoperative Complications of Double Pelvic Osteotomy Using Specific Plates in 305 Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this clinical retrospective study was to describe the postoperative complications and associated factors of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) using DPO plates.

Materials And Methods:  Medical records were searched for dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral DPO using DPO plates from February 2009 to October 2018 and were re-evaluated for a minimum of 1 to 2 months postoperatively. A variety of commercially available, specific DPO plates were used.

Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty as a treatment option for capital physeal fractures in dogs: Outcome in 53 cases.

Objective: To review the outcome of dogs that underwent Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty (Z-THA) for the repair of acute and chronic capital physeal fractures (CPF) and document the CPF-related hip remodeling.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Sample Population: Fifty-three Z-THA in 53 dogs.

A Modification of the Cheli Craniolateral Approach for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Shoulder in Dogs: Description of the Technique and Outcome in 164 Cases.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to describe a novel minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of shoulder osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs and to retrospectively review our clinical cases treated with this approach.

Study Design:  The study describes a modification of Cheli surgical approach (1985), developed to reduce the degree of invasiveness as well as the incidence of postoperative complications observed in other surgical approaches to the shoulder joint. Medical records of dogs that underwent our minimally invasive approach to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of OCD from May 2001 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for intraoperative findings and complications.

Use of a Modified Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy with Double Cut and Medial Crescentic Closing Wedge Osteotomy to Treat Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Tibial Valgus Deformity.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to report efficacy of a modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) with double cut and medial crescentic closing wedge osteotomy (TPLO/MCCWO) to treat dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and concurrent tibial valgus.

Study Design:  This study was a cases series.

Materials And Methods:  Medical records of dogs that had TPLO with medial crescentic closing wedge osteotomy were reviewed.

Revision of a BFX total hip replacement stem using a Kyon stem and a head adaptor in two dogs.

Objective: To report revision of BFX cementless press-fit stem loosening with a Kyon cementless stem and a head adaptor in two dogs.

Methods: Total hip arthroplasty stem revision was performed in two dogs with loosening of a previously implanted Biomedtrix press-fit BFX stem. Both dogs had a well-integrated BFX cup and single stage revision was performed using a standard Kyon stem and a head adaptor in order to couple with a 17 mm head and maintain the BFX cup.

Kirschner wire fixation of Salter-Harris type IV fracture of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle in growing dogs. A retrospective study of 35 fractures.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of Kirschner wires for treatment of fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle in growing dogs.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 35 elbow fractures (33 dogs) of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle treated by insertion of multiple transcondylar and one anti-rotational Kirschner wires. Radiographic and clinical re-evaluations were carried out immediately after surgery, at four weeks and, when required, at eight weeks postoperatively.

Hemiepiphysiodesis for the correction of proximal tibial valgus in growing dogs.

Objectives: To describe the use of hemiepiphysiodesis for the treatment of proximal tibial deformities in immature dogs and evaluate the effect on the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA).

Methods: Skeletally immature dogs with proximal tibial deformities from three institutions treated with hemiepiphysiodesis between March 2006 and January 2015 were included. All dogs were required to have an mMPTA outside the previously published reference range (93.

Central tarsal bone fracture in a cat.

Fracture of the central tarsal bone is an uncommon injury in dogs and occurs predominantly in racing Greyhounds. To the authors' knowledge, this type of fracture has not been described previously in cats. This case report describes a five-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat referred to the Centro Veterinario Luni Mare because of lameness, swelling and signs of pain in the right hindlimb caused by trauma.

Long-Term Outcome of Zürich Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in 439 Cases.

Objective: To review complications in dogs with the Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty (Z-THA) with ≥ 2 year followup, and compare complications between juvenile and adult dogs classified by age (≤ 11 and > 11 months) at the time of original surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Three hundred and twenty-one dogs with 439 total hip arthroplasties.

Lateral caudal axial pattern flap in 13 dogs.

Objective: To describe the frequency and extent of complications associated with lateral caudal axial pattern flaps used to cover large traumatic or excision skin defects on the dorsum, gluteal, and perineal region in 13 dogs.

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Thirteen client-owned dogs.

Limitations of the cancer stem cell theory.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be operationally defined as a subset of neoplastic cells which are responsible for the growth and re-growth of primary and metastatic tumors. Although the existence of perpetually dividing cells is a logical necessity to explain the malignant properties of human tumors, experimental data supporting their existence have only recently been obtained. New knowledge in basic stem cell biology and the availability of several cell surface markers for the definition and isolation of small subsets of immature cells coupled to the use of the classical model of xenotransplantation in immune deficient mice has identified putative CSCs in several solid tumors such as mammary, colon, brain, pancreas, prostate, melanoma and others.