From Galls to Cecidological Herbaria: The Role of Gall Collections in Modern Life Sciences.

Galls (also known as cecidia) have been studied by botanists, zoologists and microbiologists over the last century. Indeed, galls can be induced by different animals, bacteria, viruses and fungi, so that their presence simultaneously attested the presence of specific host plants and gall-inducing species. Consequently, gall collections, also known as cecidological herbaria or cecidological collections, can be interesting to study biodiversity changes over time.

A Comparative Analysis Regarding the Osseointegration of Immediate Loaded Implants Using Two Different Implant Site Preparations: Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Versus Surgical Conventional Way-An and Histological Animal Study.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of preparing the implant site using the erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser scanner prototype and to reduce and/or eliminate time between primary (mechanical) stability and secondary (biological) stability, looking to the immediate occlusal loading in a single implant. A prerequisite for successful osseointegration is the establishment of direct bone-to-implant contact without interposition of nonbone or connective tissue. In recent years, the use of laser radiation was presented as an alternative/adjunctive treatment for bone tissue ablation due to vaporization of the tissues in the absence of a smear layer.