Indications, Surgical Strategies And Hearing Outcomes of Revision Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on 2602 Patients.

Objective: To summarize current knowledge on the indications, surgical strategies, and auditory outcomes of revision stapes surgery (RSS) for otosclerosis.

Data Sources: The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases, including papers published since 2000.

Review Methods: The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

The Role of Endoscopic Assistance in Surgery for Pediatric Cholesteatoma in Reducing Residual and Recurrent Disease.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate long-term recurrent and residual disease after surgery for acquired cholesteatoma in children according to surgical approach. A total of 71 interventions performed on 67 pediatric patients were included in the study. Canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (CWUT) was performed in 31 ears (13 with endoscopic assistance), a transcanal esclusive endoscopic approach (TEEA) was used in 22, and canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT) was performed in 18.

Osteoneogenesis at the Round Window: A Possible Cause of Cochlear Implant Failure?

Surgery for cochlear implant is a traumatic procedure, with inflammatory responses leading to immediate and delayed intracochlear changes, resulting in newly formed fibrous and bony tissue. This newly formed tissue is thought to affect speech perception with cochlear implants and can also play a role in causing device malfunctioning and soft failures. We present a case of left cochlear implant explantation and reimplantation in a 15-year-old girl, who experienced deterioration of speech perception and device failure associated with osteoneogenesis of the round window, which could represent a cause of cochlear implant failure.

Exploratory tympanotomy in conductive hearing loss with normal pre-operative investigations.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and normal preoperative investigations may benefit from exploratory tympanotomy (ET) and tailored treatment performed according to intraoperative findings.

Methods: Patients treated with ET for CHL with normal pre-operative otoscopy, tympanometry and CT scan from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed. Data regarding demographics, audiometry, intraoperative findings and surgery were collected and analysed to assess if they can predict post-operative air bone gap (ABG) closure and patient satisfaction.

Presentation, Management, and Hearing Outcomes of Labyrinthine Fistula Secondary to Cholesteatoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The current study systematically reviewed the literature to compare auditory outcomes of patients treated for labyrinthine fistula (LF) based on characteristics of disease and surgical management.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.

Methods: Original series (at least five cases) published from 2000 reporting management and hearing results of LF secondary to cholesteatoma were included.

Balance Disorders in Children and Adolescents.

The prevalence of balance disorders in children and adolescents is extremely variable [...

Endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty type I in children: Evolving experience in tragus perichondrium vs. acellular porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa grafts.

Objectives: Endoscopic trans-canal tympanoplasty type I (ETT) is gradually diffusing worldwide. It mainly allows less invasive surgery in children with respect to a microscope approach by avoiding post-auricular access. The aim of this study is to illustrate our experience in endoscopic reconstruction of tympanic membrane, using autologous tragus perichondrium (TP) and non-autologous acellular porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa (SIS) as grafts.

Salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers: Proposal for a prognostic model based on clinicopathologic and treatment-related parameters.

Background: Evidence on survival and major prognosticators after salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers (SNC) is limited.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study of recurrent SNC treated with salvage surgery between 1997 and 2019 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to define a prognostic score for overall survival (OS).

Long-Term Surgical Results of Cortical Mastoid Bone Osteomas.

Background: Though osteomas can commonly arise in the cranial bones, an extra canalicular mastoid bone location is a rare entity with less than 200 cases described to date. We present three cases of cortical mastoid bone osteomas and compare them with cases presented in the literature.

Methods: In this study, we used a retrospective chart analysis.

When a Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Reveals an Error of Immunity: A Single Center's Experience.

We present an algorithm that may be applied in case of a diagnosis of pediatric nontuberculous mycobacterial disease to identify the patients who may require an immunologic assessment to discover a possible underlying immune system defect predisposing to their nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Prevalence of Pediatric and Adolescent Balance Disorders: Analysis of a Mono-Institutional Series of 472 Patients.

(1) Background: To assess the prevalence and frequency distribution of balance disorders in children and adolescents to delineate the planning of a targeted clinical and instrumental diagnostic work-up; (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical documentation of patients under 18 years suffering from balance disorders from 2010 to 2019. Detailed collection of clinical history, accurate clinical examination, including both nystagmus and vestibulospinal signs examinations, and specific instrumental testing were the basis of the diagnostic process. (3) Results: A total of 472 participants were included in the study.

Long-Term Lateral Semicircular Canal Function in Children with Cochlear Implants: Results of Video Head Impulse Test.

In children with profound deafness, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) is an effective, established procedure. However, its safety on vestibular function has recently been debated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term lateral semicircular canal high-frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) in children with CI by video head impulse testing (vHIT).

Parotid pleomorphic and non-pleomorphic adenomas: a mono-institutional series of 512 patients.

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign parotid tumor, with a well-known propensity to recur. Many factors have been advocated as prognostic, but there is no consensus on how they affect local control. We studied how PA recurrence-free survival (RFS) may be affected by the most relevant risk factors in a time-to-event analysis, comparing them with those observed in a population of non-PA (NPA).

Paranasal mucoceles in children with cystic fibrosis: Management of a not so rare clinical condition.

Purpose: Paranasal mucocele (PM) is reported as a complication in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in up to 4% of patients. The objective of this study was to identify PMs in the personal large series of children with CF and to assess their diagnosis and treatment.

Material And Methods: Medical records of children with CF and PM who were admitted and treated by means of endoscopic nasal surgery between 2004 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo in Children.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and analyze clinical parameters of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) in a pediatric age. A cohort of 423 children under the age of 15 (median age 11. interquartile range 9-13) was submitted to vestibular assessment for balance disorders.

Olfactory and Gustatory Outcomes in COVID-19: A Prospective Evaluation in Nonhospitalized Subjects.

Objective: To prospectively assess the rate and timing of recovery of olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction in patients affected by COVID-19.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Population-based evaluation in a COVID-19 high-prevalence region.

Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.

Background: Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2020, in Northern Italy.

Endoscopic approach to the round window through posterior tympanotomy for cochlear implantation in children: A study on feasibility.

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of rigid endoscopy through posterior tympanotomy, which provides both a view of the round window and direction of the scala tympani in children.

Methods: After a standard mini-invasive surgical approach with postauricular access and transmastoid posterior tympanotomy of 2 mm, a 0°, 1.9 mm diameter and 11 cm long endoscope is positioned in proximity of the upper part of the posterior tympanotomy to obtain a panoramic view of the inferior part of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity.

Management of undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of parotid region in elderly women.

Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma is a slow-growing tumor rarely localized in the head and neck region. The treatment of UHPS should be based on large surgical resections in free margins associated with neck dissection. Postoperative radiotherapy improves local control of the disease and the prognosis quod vitam.

A Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of Data Logging in Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Automated Scene Classification Technologies.

Currently, there are no studies assessing everyday use of cochlear implant (CI) processors by recipients by means of objective tools. The Nucleus 6 sound processor features a data logging system capable of real-time recording of CI use in different acoustic environments and under various categories of loudness levels. In this study, we report data logged for the different scenes and different loudness levels of 1,366 CI patients, as recorded by SCAN.

Intratympanic steroid delivery by an indwelling catheter in refractory severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Objective: Many studies over the last decade showed favorable outcomes with intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment, alone as salvage treatment or in combination with conventional systemic therapy (ST). However, in severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss resistant to ST, the optimal infusion mode, the type and concentration of the solution, the preferable drug, its total amount, and the duration and fractionation of the treatment are still debated. Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and the outcomes of a direct and constant IT delivery of dexamethasone (DEX) by means of a new indwelling catheter.

Preliminary results of video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT) in children with cochlear implants.

Objective: To evaluate the lateral semicircular canal high frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) in children with cochlear implant.

Methods: 16 children (10 females and 6 males, age range = 5-17 years) receiving a unilateral (n = 12) or a bilateral (n = 4) cochlear implant were included and compared to a control group of 20 age-matched normal-hearing (NH) children. Both implanted and NH children received a vestibular function test battery, including a Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) gain assessment by means of a video-Head Impulse Test (vHIT), which represented the main outcome measure.

Tympanic membrane perforation in children: Endoscopic type I tympanoplasty, a newly technique, is it worthwhile?

Objectives: To evaluate the results of a newly introduced technique to our Department of endoscopic assisted transcanal myringoplasty applied in tympanic membrane perforation in children of any age and compare them to that of the previously standard microscopic assisted myringoplasty technique.

Methods: A retrospective study of myringoplasties performed between January 2005 and June 2014 in children suffering from chronic otitis media with perforation. In microscope-assisted cases, a transcanal approach was applied when the anterior tympanic annulus was completely visible through the ear speculum, and a postauricular approach was used in all other cases.