Indications, Surgical Strategies And Hearing Outcomes of Revision Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on 2602 Patients.

Objective: To summarize current knowledge on the indications, surgical strategies, and auditory outcomes of revision stapes surgery (RSS) for otosclerosis.

Data Sources: The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases, including papers published since 2000.

Review Methods: The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

The Role of Endoscopic Assistance in Surgery for Pediatric Cholesteatoma in Reducing Residual and Recurrent Disease.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate long-term recurrent and residual disease after surgery for acquired cholesteatoma in children according to surgical approach. A total of 71 interventions performed on 67 pediatric patients were included in the study. Canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (CWUT) was performed in 31 ears (13 with endoscopic assistance), a transcanal esclusive endoscopic approach (TEEA) was used in 22, and canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT) was performed in 18.

Osteoneogenesis at the Round Window: A Possible Cause of Cochlear Implant Failure?

Surgery for cochlear implant is a traumatic procedure, with inflammatory responses leading to immediate and delayed intracochlear changes, resulting in newly formed fibrous and bony tissue. This newly formed tissue is thought to affect speech perception with cochlear implants and can also play a role in causing device malfunctioning and soft failures. We present a case of left cochlear implant explantation and reimplantation in a 15-year-old girl, who experienced deterioration of speech perception and device failure associated with osteoneogenesis of the round window, which could represent a cause of cochlear implant failure.

Exploratory tympanotomy in conductive hearing loss with normal pre-operative investigations.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and normal preoperative investigations may benefit from exploratory tympanotomy (ET) and tailored treatment performed according to intraoperative findings.

Methods: Patients treated with ET for CHL with normal pre-operative otoscopy, tympanometry and CT scan from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed. Data regarding demographics, audiometry, intraoperative findings and surgery were collected and analysed to assess if they can predict post-operative air bone gap (ABG) closure and patient satisfaction.

Presentation, Management, and Hearing Outcomes of Labyrinthine Fistula Secondary to Cholesteatoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The current study systematically reviewed the literature to compare auditory outcomes of patients treated for labyrinthine fistula (LF) based on characteristics of disease and surgical management.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.

Methods: Original series (at least five cases) published from 2000 reporting management and hearing results of LF secondary to cholesteatoma were included.

Balance Disorders in Children and Adolescents.

The prevalence of balance disorders in children and adolescents is extremely variable [...

Endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty type I in children: Evolving experience in tragus perichondrium vs. acellular porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa grafts.

Objectives: Endoscopic trans-canal tympanoplasty type I (ETT) is gradually diffusing worldwide. It mainly allows less invasive surgery in children with respect to a microscope approach by avoiding post-auricular access. The aim of this study is to illustrate our experience in endoscopic reconstruction of tympanic membrane, using autologous tragus perichondrium (TP) and non-autologous acellular porcine small intestinal sub-mucosa (SIS) as grafts.

Salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers: Proposal for a prognostic model based on clinicopathologic and treatment-related parameters.

Background: Evidence on survival and major prognosticators after salvage surgery in recurrent sinonasal cancers (SNC) is limited.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study of recurrent SNC treated with salvage surgery between 1997 and 2019 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to define a prognostic score for overall survival (OS).

Long-Term Surgical Results of Cortical Mastoid Bone Osteomas.

Background: Though osteomas can commonly arise in the cranial bones, an extra canalicular mastoid bone location is a rare entity with less than 200 cases described to date. We present three cases of cortical mastoid bone osteomas and compare them with cases presented in the literature.

Methods: In this study, we used a retrospective chart analysis.

When a Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Reveals an Error of Immunity: A Single Center's Experience.

We present an algorithm that may be applied in case of a diagnosis of pediatric nontuberculous mycobacterial disease to identify the patients who may require an immunologic assessment to discover a possible underlying immune system defect predisposing to their nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Prevalence of Pediatric and Adolescent Balance Disorders: Analysis of a Mono-Institutional Series of 472 Patients.

(1) Background: To assess the prevalence and frequency distribution of balance disorders in children and adolescents to delineate the planning of a targeted clinical and instrumental diagnostic work-up; (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical documentation of patients under 18 years suffering from balance disorders from 2010 to 2019. Detailed collection of clinical history, accurate clinical examination, including both nystagmus and vestibulospinal signs examinations, and specific instrumental testing were the basis of the diagnostic process. (3) Results: A total of 472 participants were included in the study.

Long-Term Lateral Semicircular Canal Function in Children with Cochlear Implants: Results of Video Head Impulse Test.

In children with profound deafness, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) is an effective, established procedure. However, its safety on vestibular function has recently been debated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term lateral semicircular canal high-frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) in children with CI by video head impulse testing (vHIT).

Parotid pleomorphic and non-pleomorphic adenomas: a mono-institutional series of 512 patients.

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign parotid tumor, with a well-known propensity to recur. Many factors have been advocated as prognostic, but there is no consensus on how they affect local control. We studied how PA recurrence-free survival (RFS) may be affected by the most relevant risk factors in a time-to-event analysis, comparing them with those observed in a population of non-PA (NPA).

Paranasal mucoceles in children with cystic fibrosis: Management of a not so rare clinical condition.

Purpose: Paranasal mucocele (PM) is reported as a complication in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in up to 4% of patients. The objective of this study was to identify PMs in the personal large series of children with CF and to assess their diagnosis and treatment.

Material And Methods: Medical records of children with CF and PM who were admitted and treated by means of endoscopic nasal surgery between 2004 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Neonatal Respiratory Distress and Airway Emergency: Report of Two Cases.

We discuss two cases of congenital airway malformations seen in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim is to report extremely rare events characterized by immediate respiratory distress after delivery and the impossibility to ventilate and intubate the airway. The first case is a male twin born at 34 weeks by emergency caesarean section.

Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo in Children.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and analyze clinical parameters of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) in a pediatric age. A cohort of 423 children under the age of 15 (median age 11. interquartile range 9-13) was submitted to vestibular assessment for balance disorders.

Cognitive improvement after cochlear implantation in deaf children with associated disabilities.

Aim: To monitor functional auditory and non-verbal cognitive skills in children with cochlear implants who had associated disabilities over a 24-month period and define how cochlear implantation may impact on non-verbal cognition by restoring functional auditory skills.

Method: Sixty-four children with cochlear implants (36 females, 28 males; mean age 4y 3mo, SD 3y 5mo, 9mo-14y 5mo) were recruited and divided into three groups: children with typical development group (TDG); children with associated disabilities not linked to non-verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG1); and children with associated disabilities linked to non-verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG2). Tests of functional auditory, communicative, and non-verbal cognitive skills were performed before cochlear implantation and at 12 and 24 months after cochlear implantation.

Olfactory and Gustatory Outcomes in COVID-19: A Prospective Evaluation in Nonhospitalized Subjects.

Objective: To prospectively assess the rate and timing of recovery of olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction in patients affected by COVID-19.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Population-based evaluation in a COVID-19 high-prevalence region.

Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.

Background: Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2020, in Northern Italy.

Primary mucocele of the mastoid: An incidental finding.

Mucocele is an accumulation of secretion products, desquamation, and inflammation within a body cavity: Localization in the mastoid is extremely rare. Erosion of bony walls and invasion of surrounding structures expose a patient to intra- and extracranial complications. Proper imaging work-up and complete removal through mastoidectomy is warranted.

Cognitive function and quality of life in older adult patients with cochlear implants.

This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of cochlear implant (CI) on speech perception, quality of life (QoL), and cognitive function in profoundly deafened older adults. Longitudinal and cross-sectional cohort study. Participants in this study were CI recipients aged 65 years or older (experimental group), CI recipients aged 50 years or younger (control group 1), and normal-hearing participants aged 65 years or older (control group 2).

Endoscopic approach to the round window through posterior tympanotomy for cochlear implantation in children: A study on feasibility.

Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of rigid endoscopy through posterior tympanotomy, which provides both a view of the round window and direction of the scala tympani in children.

Methods: After a standard mini-invasive surgical approach with postauricular access and transmastoid posterior tympanotomy of 2 mm, a 0°, 1.9 mm diameter and 11 cm long endoscope is positioned in proximity of the upper part of the posterior tympanotomy to obtain a panoramic view of the inferior part of the medial wall of the tympanic cavity.

Sialoendoscopy for treatment of juvenile recurrent parotitis: The Brescia experience.

Objective: To evaluate the role of sialoendoscopy associated with steroid irrigation for juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) at a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods: Clinical records of patients affected by JRP and treated with operative sialoendoscopy between June 2011 and April 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, number of acute episodes per year before and after surgery, characteristics of the surgical procedure, hospitalization time, and rate of complications were collected.