Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure: The CASTLE-AF Trial.

Objectives: This subanalysis of the CASTLE-AF (Catheter Ablation vs. Standard Conventional Treatment in Patients With LV Dysfunction and AF) trial aimed to address the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, AF burden, and hard clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with AF.

Background: The CASTLE-AF trial demonstrated the benefit of CA compared to pharmacological treatment in decreasing mortality and CV hospitalizations in patients with AF and HFrEF.

Pharmacological rhythm versus rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: the CASTLE-AF trial.

Background: The value of antiarrhythmics to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) is still being debated. We aimed to determine whether rhythm control using antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) is more effective than rate control in improving outcomes in this population.

Method: In this sub-analysis of the CASTLE-AF study, we included patients that were treated pharmacologically either to maintain sinus rhythm or to achieve rate control.