Cortisol, cortisone and DHEAS in epidermis and scales of fish Aphanius fasciatus: HPLC-MS/MS measurement of stress indicators as proxies for natural and human-induced factors.

Fish health can be affected by a multitude of stressors. Acute and chronic stress assessment via specific hormones monitoring has become a trending research topic. Common investigated matrices are blood and plasma, but recently less invasive substrates have been identified.