Imaging Findings in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Common Data Element-Based Pictorial Review and Analysis of Over 4000 Admission Brain Computed Tomography Scans from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) Study.

In 2010, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) created a set of common data elements (CDEs) to help standardize the assessment and reporting of imaging findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, as opposed to other standardized radiology reporting systems, a visual overview and data to support the proposed standardized lexicon are lacking. We used over 4000 admission computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with TBI from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study to develop an extensive pictorial overview of the NINDS TBI CDEs, with visual examples and background information on individual pathoanatomical lesion types, up to the level of supplemental and emerging information (e.

Imaging the Posterior Elements of the Spine.

The posterior elements of the spine consist of the pedicles, laminae, facets (articular processes), transverse processes, and the spinous process. They are essential for spinal stability, protecting the spinal cord and nerve roots, and enabling movement of the spine. Pathologies affecting the posterior elements can cause significant pain and disability.

Multiple sclerosis imaging in clinical practice: a European-wide survey of 428 centers and conclusions by the ESNR Working Group.

Objectives: To evaluate compliance with the available recommendations, we assessed the current clinical practice of imaging in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: An online questionnaire was emailed to all members and affiliates. Information was gathered on applied MR imaging protocols, gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) use and image analysis.

Diagnostic imaging strategies of acute intracerebral hemorrhage in European academic hospitals-a decision-making analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare which factors are relevant to the diagnostic decision-making and imaging workup of intracerebral hemorrhages in large, specialized European centers.

Methods: Expert neuroradiologists from ten large, specialized centers (where endovascular stroke treatment is routinely performed) in nine European countries were selected in cooperation with the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR). The experts were asked to describe how and when they would investigate specific causes in a patient who presented with an acute, atraumatic, intracerebral hemorrhage for two given locations: (1) basal ganglia, thalamus, pons or cerebellum; (2) lobar hemorrhage.

European recommendations on practices in pediatric neuroradiology: consensus document from the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) and European Union of Medical Specialists Division of Neuroradiology (UEMS).

Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology.

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)-pictorial review.

The basal ganglia and thalami are paired deep grey matter structures with extensive metabolic activity that renders them susceptible to injury by various diseases. Most pathological processes lead to bilateral lesions, which may be symmetric or asymmetric, frequently showing characteristic patterns on imaging studies. In this comprehensive pictorial review, the most common and/or typical genetic, acquired metabolic/toxic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular and neoplastic pathologies affecting the central grey matter are subdivided according to the preferential location of the lesions: in the basal ganglia, in the thalami or both.

Cerebral abscesses imaging: A practical approach.

Brain abscesses (BAs) are focal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) that start as a localised area of weakening of the brain parenchyma (cerebritis) and develops into a collection of pus surrounded by a capsule. Pyogenic (bacterial) BAs represent the majority of all BAs; in some cases, the diagnostic and therapeutic management can be challenging. Imaging has a primary role in differentiating BAs from other lesions.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Derived Biomarkers of IDH Mutation Status and Overall Survival in Grade III Astrocytomas.

The evaluation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in the glioma decision-making process has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can noninvasively predict the most common IDH mutational status (R132H) in GIII-astrocytomas and the overall survival (OS). Hence, twenty-two patients (9-F, 13-M) with a histological diagnosis of GIII-astrocytoma and evaluation of IDH-mutation status (12-wild type, 10-mutant) were retrospectively evaluated.

Prognostic Validation of the NINDS Common Data Elements for the Radiologic Reporting of Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries: A CENTER-TBI Study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of using the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) standardized imaging-based pathoanatomic descriptors for the evaluation and reporting of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) lesions. For a total of 3392 patients (2244 males and 1148 females, median age = 51 years) enrolled in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study, we extracted 96 Common Data Elements (CDEs) from the structured reports, spanning all three levels of pathoanatomic information (i.e.

Central versus Local Radiological Reading of Acute Computed Tomography Characteristics in Multi-Center Traumatic Brain Injury Research.

Observer variability in local radiological reading is a major concern in large-scale multi-center traumatic brain injury (TBI) studies. A central review process has been advocated to minimize this variability. The aim of this study is to compare central with local reading of TBI imaging datasets and to investigate the added value of central review.

Overview of the complications and sequelae in spinal infections.

Spondylitis or infection of the spine is a spectrum of diseases involving the bone, disks, and/or ligaments. Because of a significant increase in the immunocompromised patient population, spinal infections are a growing and changing group of conditions, making the diagnosis based on imaging more challenging. Most cases of spinal infections are pyogenic and occur after hematogeneous spread of an infection located elsewhere in the body.

Brain stones revisited-between a rock and a hard place.

Objectives And Methods: Large intracranial calcifications are occasionally encountered in routine computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain. These calcifications, also known as "brain stones", can be classified according to location and aetiology. Combining imaging findings with relevant clinical history and physical examination can help narrow down the differential diagnosis and may allow confident diagnosis in certain situations.

Atypical idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions (IIDL): conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) findings in 42 cases.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR imaging characteristics with conventional and advanced MR imaging techniques in patients with IIDL.

Methods: MR images of the brain in 42 patients (20 male, 22 female) with suspected or known multiple sclerosis (MS) from four institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions were classified into five different subtypes: (1) ring-like lesions; (2) Balo-like lesions; (3) diffuse infiltrating lesions; (4) megacystic lesions; and (5) unclassified lesions.

Diffusion tensor imaging provides an insight into the microstructure of meningiomas, high-grade gliomas, and peritumoral edema.

Objective: Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a measure for the degree of microstructural organization. Several studies have used FA values to assess microstructural organization of brain tumors and peritumoral edema. The purpose of our study was to validate FA and apparent diffusion constant (ADC) values in the diagnosis of meningiomas versus high-grade glial tumors, with the focus on the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to reveal tumor ultrastructure.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis presenting with asymmetric parkinsonism: a case with I-123-FP-CIT SPECT imaging.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare inherited neurometabolic disease. Clinical symptoms are caused by increased deposition of cholestanol and cholesterol in various tissues. Progressive neurological symptoms are one of the principal manifestations.

Does intratympanic gadolinium injection predict efficacy of gentamicin partial chemolabyrinthectomy in Menière's disease patients?

Using actual diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of certain Menière's disease remains impossible during life without histopathologic confirmation. Assessing the value of a diagnostic test is difficult due to the lack of a gold standard. Recent studies reported on the use of MRI after intratympanic gadolinium injection to demonstrate endolymphatic hydrops in vivo.

High-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging at 3 T with a 32-channel head coil: technique and clinical applications.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the utility of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) as an adjunct to routine MRI of the brain in neurologic disorders.

Conclusion: SWI is a 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence that combines phase and magnitude information to provide a high sensitivity for the detection of blood degradation products, calcifications, and iron deposits.

An uncommon cause of headache after headbanging at a party.

Subdural haematomas can result from bridging vein rupture. Rotational acceleration in the sagittal plane and in a forward direction, as in falls, is very likely the 'mechanical' cause of subdural haematoma, as shown in cadaveric studies. Some recreational activities, for example roller-coaster rides and bungee jumping, have been associated with subdural haematoma, owing to acceleration/deceleration or repetitive head movements.

Scoliosis.

Scoliosis is a structural lateral curvature of the spine with a rotatory component. Imaging in scoliosis is important. Most cases of scoliosis are idiopathic, and imaging is used routinely in monitoring the changes of the deformity that take place during growth.

Imaging in spinal trauma.

Because it may cause paralysis, injury to the spine is one of the most feared traumas, and spinal cord injury is a major cause of disability. In the USA approximately 10,000 traumatic cervical spine fractures and 4000 traumatic thoracolumbar fractures are diagnosed each year. Although the number of individuals sustaining paralysis is far less than those with moderate or severe brain injury, the socioeconomic costs are significant.

Brainstem hemorrhage in descending transtentorial herniation (Duret hemorrhage).

Objectives: To review clinical and radiological findings in patients with Duret hemorrhages and to discuss the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of these lesions.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the case records of four patients with Duret hemorrhages who had been admitted to the neurological intensive care unit with supratentorial mass lesions.

Results: Descending transtentorial and subfalcine herniations were present in all cases.