Detecting fast-ripples on both micro- and macro-electrodes in epilepsy: A wavelet-based CNN detector.

Background: Fast-ripples (FR) are short (∼10 ms) high-frequency oscillations (HFO) between 200 and 600 Hz that are helpful in epilepsy to identify the epileptogenic zone. Our aim is to propose a new method to detect FR that had to be efficient for intracerebral EEG (iEEG) recorded from both usual clinical macro-contacts (millimeter scale) and microwires (micrometer scale).

New Method: Step 1 of the detection method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained using a large database of > 11,000 FR recorded from the iEEG of 38 patients with epilepsy from both macro-contacts and microwires.

No major effect of dopamine receptor 1/5 antagonist SCH-23390 on epileptic activity in the Tg2576 mouse model of amyloidosis.

The excitation-inhibition imbalance manifesting as epileptic activities in Alzheimer's disease is gaining more and more attention, and several potentially involved cellular and molecular pathways are currently under investigation. Based on in vitro studies, dopamine D1-type receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus have been proposed to participate in this peculiar co-morbidity in mouse models of amyloidosis. Here, we tested the implication of dopaminergic transmission in vivo in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by monitoring epileptic activities via intracranial EEG before and after treatment with dopamine antagonists.

Large-scale network dynamics underlying the first few hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation: An investigation of visual recognition memory using iEEG.

Recognition memory is the ability to recognize previously encountered objects. Even this relatively simple, yet extremely fast, ability requires the coordinated activity of large-scale brain networks. However, little is known about the sub-second dynamics of these networks.

[Evaluation of the relevance of the pharmaceutical educational interview on the knowledge and satisfaction of patients who received a vagus nerve neurostimulator implantation].

Introduction: Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) medical devices (MDs) are used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Using a magnet, the patient can activate on the stimulations in order to stop a seizure or interrupt the adverse effects (AEs) of the device. The objective is to evaluate the improvement of the patients' knowledge about the VNS following a pharmaceutical educational interview (PEI) as well as their satisfaction.

Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes.

Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders like epilepsy remains challenging. Here, we present the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date, with >54,000 human exomes, comprising 20,979 deeply phenotyped patients from multiple genetic ancestry groups with diverse epilepsy subtypes and 33,444 controls, to investigate rare variants that confer disease risk. These analyses implicate seven individual genes, three gene sets, and four copy number variants at exome-wide significance.

Radiosurgical Corpus Callosotomy for Intractable Epilepsy: Retrospective Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Assessment in 19 Patients an Review of the Literature.

Background: Some patients suffering from intractable epileptic seizures, particularly drop attacks (DAs), are nonremediable by curative techniques. Palliative procedure carries a significant rate of surgical and neurological complications.

Objective: To propose evaluation of safety and efficacy of Gamma Knife corpus callosotomy (GK-CC) as an alternative to microsurgical corpus callosotomy.

Specific profiles of new-onset vs. non-inaugural status epilepticus: From diagnosis to 1-year outcome.

While new-onset status epilepticus (NOSE) is a harbinger of chronic epilepsy, prospective medical data are sparse in terms of specifying whether the evolution of status epilepticus (SE) and seizure expression in NOSE resembles what occurs in patients who have already been diagnosed with epilepsy [non-inaugural SE (NISE)] in all aspects apart from its inaugural nature. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, MRI, and EEG features that could distinguish NOSE from NISE. We conducted a prospective monocentric study in which all patients ≥18 years admitted for SE over a 6-month period were included.

Early identification of seizure freedom with medical treatment in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis.

Background: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is usually associated with a poor response to antiseizure medications. We focused on MTLE-HS patients who were seizure free on medication to: (1) determine the clinical factors associated with seizure freedom and (2) develop a machine-learning classifier to better earlier identify those patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicentric study comparing 64 medically treated seizure-free MTLE-HS patients with 200 surgically treated drug-resistant MTLE-HS patients.

Neuronal hyperexcitability in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - the influence of sleep and noradrenergic transmission.

The link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and network hypersynchrony - manifesting as epileptic activities - received considerable attention in the past decade. However, several questions remain unanswered as to its mechanistic underpinnings. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to better characterise epileptic events in the Tg2576 mouse model throughout the sleep-wake cycle and disease progression via electrophysiological recordings and (2) to explore the involvement of noradrenergic transmission in this pathological hypersynchrony.

Local neuronal excitation and global inhibition during epileptic fast ripples in humans.

Understanding the neuronal basis of epileptic activity is a major challenge in neurology. Cellular integration into larger scale networks is all the more challenging. In the local field potential, interictal epileptic discharges can be associated with fast ripples (200-600 Hz), which are a promising marker of the epileptogenic zone.

Sleep: The Tip of the Iceberg in the Bidirectional Link Between Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy.

The observation that a pathophysiological link might exist between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy dates back to the identification of the first cases of the pathology itself and is now strongly supported by an ever-increasing mountain of literature. An overwhelming majority of data suggests not only a higher prevalence of epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy aging, but also that AD patients with a comorbid epileptic syndrome, even subclinical, have a steeper cognitive decline. Moreover, clinical and preclinical investigations have revealed a marked sleep-related increase in the frequency of epileptic activities.

Interactions between antiseizure medications and contraception: A study about the knowledge of patients and their specialist physicians.

Planning pregnancy is very important for women with epilepsy (WWE), because of the potential teratogenic effects and neurodevelopmental disorders of different antiseizure medications (ASMs). Nevertheless, contraception in WWE can be challenging due to the existence of drug interactions between ASMs and hormonal contraception. The aim of this study was to assess women's knowledge of potential interactions between their ASMs and contraceptive options.

Coffee consumption and seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Objective: To assess the relation between coffee consumption and seizure frequency in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the SAVE study, which included patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy during long-term EEG monitoring. Patients in whom both coffee consumption and data about seizure frequency, including focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS), were available were selected.

Hidden Objective Memory Deficits Behind Subjective Memory Complaints in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with subjective initial memory complaints (not confirmed by an objective standard assessment) and various phenotypes also show objective very long-term memory deficit with accelerated long-term forgetting. We tested patients with TLE with 2 surprise memory tests after 3 weeks: the standard Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and Epireal, a new test specifically designed to capture more ecologic aspects of autobiographical memory.

Methods: Forty-seven patients with TLE (12 with hippocampal sclerosis, 12 with amygdala enlargement, 11 with extensive lesions, 12 with normal MRI) who complained about their memory, but for whom the standard neuropsychological assessment did not reveal any memory impairment after a standard delay of 20 minutes, underwent 2 surprise memory tests after 3 weeks.

CACNA1A-associated epilepsy: Electroclinical findings and treatment response on seizures in 18 patients.

CACNA1A pathogenic mutations are involved in various neurological phenotypes including episodic ataxia (EA2), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA6), and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM1). Epilepsy is poorly documented. We studied 18 patients (10 males) carrying de novo or inherited CACNA1A mutations, with median age of 2,5 years at epilepsy onset.

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and epilepsy surgery in posttraumatic epilepsy: A multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, especially in young adults. Nevertheless, such patients are not common candidates for intracranial presurgical evaluation. We investigated the role of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in defining epileptogenicity and surgical strategy in patients with PTE.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder With Flashbacks of an Old Childhood Memory Triggered by Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery in Adulthood.

Background: A plethora of data show that the hippocampus and the amygdala are involved in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neural dysfunctions leading to PTSD (e.g.

Recording local field potential and neuronal activity with tetrodes in epileptic patients.

Background: Recordings with tetrodes have proven to be more effective in isolating single neuron spiking activity than with single microwires. However, tetrodes have never been used in humans. We report on the characteristics, safety, compatibility with clinical intracranial recordings in epileptic patients, and performance, of a new type of hybrid electrode equipped with tetrodes.

Awake Craniotomy and Memory Induction Through Electrical Stimulation: Why Are Penfield's Findings Not Replicated in the Modern Era?

From the 1930s through the early 1960s, Wilder Penfield12 collected a large number of memories induced by electrical brain stimulation (EBS) during awake craniotomy. As a result, he was a major contributor to several neuroscientific and neuropsychological concepts of long-term memory. His 1963 paper, which recorded all the cases of memories he induced in his operating room, remains a substantial point of reference in neuroscience in 2019, although some of his interpretations are now debatable.

A Fast Visual Recognition Memory System in Humans Identified Using Intracerebral ERP.

One key item of information retrieved when surveying our visual world is whether or not objects are familiar. However, there is no consensus on the respective roles of medial temporal lobe structures, particularly the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus. We considered whether the PRC could support a fast recognition memory system independently from the hippocampus.

Neuronal spiking activity highlights a gradient of epileptogenicity in human tuberous sclerosis lesions.

Objective: The mechanisms underlying epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are poorly understood.

Methods: We analysed neuronal spiking activity (84 neurons), fast ripples (FRs), local field potentials and intracranial electroencephalogram during interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in the tuber and perituber of a patient using novel hybrid electrodes equipped with tetrodes.

Results: IEDs were recorded in the tuber and perituber.

Hypoxemia following generalized convulsive seizures: Risk factors and effect of oxygen therapy.

Objective: To analyze the factors that determine the occurrence or severity of postictal hypoxemia in the immediate aftermath of a generalized convulsive seizure (GCS).

Methods: We reviewed the video-EEG recordings of 1,006 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy included in the REPOMSE study to identify those with ≥1 GCS and pulse oximetry (SpO) measurement. Factors determining recovery of SpO ≥ 90% were investigated using Cox proportional hazards models.