Correlation of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in tumour cells between diagnostic small biopsies performed by radial EBUS and surgical specimens of peripheral lung cancer.

Background And Objective: Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumour cells (TCs) is predictive of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy are often used to diagnose peripheral lung cancer. It is questionable whether these small samples from radial endobronchial ultrasonography (r-EBUS) procedures are representative of PD-L1 expression in TCs.

Hypnosis associated with 3D immersive virtual reality technology during bronchoscopy under local anesthesia.

Background: Patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy under local anesthesia usually experience anxiety before and during the procedure. Different non-pharmacological techniques, including music and hypnosis, are used to distract patients' attention, and to reduce anxiety. The new technique "virtual reality hypnosis (VRH)", defined as a hypnotic induction suggestion delivered by personalized virtual reality software, can generate a simulation of a lifelike environment.

Radial-EBUS and virtual bronchoscopy planner for peripheral lung cancer diagnosis: How it became the first-line endoscopic procedure.

Background: Various advanced bronchoscopy methods have been developed to reach peripheral lung lesions (PLL). In a large cohort, we aimed to assess a standardized procedure of first-line radial-endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) and virtual bronchoscopy planner for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective, single center study included patients who had r-EBUS-guided bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of a PLL between 2008 and 2019.

How Bronchoscopic Dye Marking Can Help Minimally Invasive Lung Surgery.

In the era of increasing availability of high-resolution chest computed tomography, the diagnosis and management of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has become a common challenging clinical problem. Meanwhile, surgical techniques have improved, and minimally invasive approaches such as robot- and video-assisted surgery are becoming standard, rendering the palpation of such lesions more difficult, not to mention pure ground-glass opacities, which cannot be felt even in open surgery. In this article, we explore the role of bronchoscopy in helping surgeons achieve successful minimally invasive resections in such cases.

Endoscopic follow-up of low-grade precancerous bronchial lesions in high-risk patients: long-term results of the SELEPREBB randomised multicentre trial.

Background: 3-9% of low-grade preinvasive bronchial lesions progress to cancer. This study assessed the usefulness of an intensive bronchoscopy surveillance strategy in patients with bronchial lesions up to moderate squamous dysplasia.

Methods: SELEPREBB (ClinicalTrials.

Prognostic value of total tumour volume, adding necrosis to metabolic tumour volume, in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab.

Background: Metabolic tumour volume (MTV) measured on fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a prognostic factor of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by first-line immunotherapy. However, these tumours are often necrotic and the necrosis, which is hypometabolic in PET FDG, is not included in the MTV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of total tumour volume (TTV), adding necrotic tumour volume (NTV) to metabolic tumour volume (MTV).

Virtual Bronchoscopy Planner and Radial-EBUS Guided Biopsy for Organizing Pneumonia Diagnosis.

Background: The diagnosis of organizing pneumonia (OP) often requires histological confirmation. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and complication rate of radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) for OP.

Methods: All patients who had r-EBUS as a first diagnostic procedure for a peripheral pulmonary lesion at Rouen University Hospital, France, between April 2008 and December 2020 were included.

Treatment strategies for thymic carcinoma in a real-life setting. Insights from the RYTHMIC network.

Background: Thymic carcinomas are aggressive and difficult to treat a subset of thymic epithelial tumours that represent a heterogeneous group of rare intrathoracic malignancies. The treatment strategy of thymic carcinomas is based on whether surgical resection may be achieved, which represents the most significant favourable prognostic factor on survival. For this study, we took advantage of the unique prospective Réseau tumeurs THYMiques et Cancer (RYTHMIC) database to describe baseline characteristics, analyse treatment strategies in light of existing guidelines and provide landmark patient outcomes data with regards to response and survival of patients in a real-life clinical practice setting.

Lung Cancer Surgery after Treatment with Anti-PD1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard of care for non-resectable non-small-cell lung cancer and are under investigation for resectable disease. Some authors have reported difficulties during lung surgery following ICI treatment. This retrospective study investigated the perioperative outcomes of lung resection in patients with preoperative ICI.

Central Nervous System Metastases in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: A Brief Report of Real-World Insight From RYTHMIC.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies ranging from indolent thymoma A to aggressive thymic carcinomas (TCs). Brain metastases are extremely infrequent for TETs and have only been described in case reports or small single-center series. RYTHMIC (Réseau tumeurs THYMiques et Cancer) is a French nationwide network mandated to systematically review every TET case and prospectively includes all consecutive patients discussed by national or regional tumor boards.

Anti-PD1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Actionable Oncogenic Driver Mutations.

Anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has emerged as a standard of care for stage III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past decade. Patient selection is usually based on PD-L1 expression by tumor cells and/or tumor mutational burden. However, mutations in oncogenic drivers such as , , , or modify the immune tumor microenvironment and may promote anti-PD1/PD-L1 resistance.

An improved assay for detection of theranostic gene translocations and MET exon 14 skipping in thoracic oncology.

Theranostic translocations may be difficult to detect by routine techniques, especially when specimens are exiguous. We recently demonstrated in a series of translocated lung adenocarcinomas that LD-RT-PCR (ligation-dependent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) assay could identify ALK, ROS1 and RET rearrangements with 64% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Here, we report an upgraded version of this assay used in a routine prospective cohort of lung carcinomas.

A simple endoscopic method with radial endobronchial ultrasonography for low-migration rate coil-tailed fiducial marker placement.

Background: Fiducial markers (FMs) are useful for tracking small peripheral lung nodules (PLN) before stereotactic radiotherapy, but migration over the course of treatment may result in inaccurate dosing to the tumor. To minimize FM migration, coil-tailed FMs have been designed. Our objective was to assess both the feasibility of radial endobronchial ultrasonography (r-EBUS) placement and the migration rate of coil-tailed FMs.

A rationale for surgical debulking to improve anti-PD1 therapy outcome in non small cell lung cancer.

Anti-PD1 immunotherapy has emerged as a gold-standard treatment for first- or second-line treatment of stage IV NSCLC, with response rates ranging from 10 to 60%. Strategies to improve the disease control rate are needed. Several reports suggested that debulking surgery enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Characterization of a multicore fiber image guide for nonlinear endoscopic imaging using two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation.

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has the capacity to record second-harmonic generation (SHG) and endogenous two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) signals emitted from biological tissues. The development of fiber-based miniaturized endomicroscopes delivering pulses in the femtosecond range will allow the transfer of MPM to clinical endoscopy. We present real-time SHG and 2PEF ex vivo images using an endomicroscope, which totally complies with clinical endoscopy regulations.

Characteristics and outcome of patients set up on high-flow oxygen therapy at home.

Background: High-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) is increasingly used for acute respiratory failure. Few data support its use at home for the treatment of chronic respiratory failure. Our aim was to report the pattern of the use of long-term HFOT in our center and the outcome of patients setup on long-term HFOT.

In vivo probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in chronic interstitial lung diseases: Specific descriptors and correlation with chest CT.

Background And Objective: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables in vivo microimaging of the distal lung, during bronchoscopy. This study aims at identifying pCLE descriptors of chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILD), their correlations with chest HRCT and assessing inter-observer agreement.

Methods: pCLE was performed in 21 healthy volunteers (HV) and 59 non-smoking ILD patients, including 19 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or asbestosis, 15 with connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD), 17 with sarcoidosis and 8 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).

Efficacy of a home discharge care bundle after acute exacerbation of COPD.

Purpose: Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are frequent and associated with a poor prognosis. A home discharge care bundle, the PRADO-BPCO program, has been set up by the French National Health System in order to reduce readmission rate after hospitalization for AECOPD. This program includes early consultations by the general practitioner, a nurse, and a physiotherapist after discharge.

Clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer: Results of a French prospective multicenter trial (EVIEPEB).

This two-step study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for presurgery staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in France (EVIEPEB; ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT00960271). Step 1 consisted of a high-benchmark EBUS-TBNA-training program in participating hospital centers.