Evaluation of safety of fluoxetine for cerebellar mutism syndrome in children after posterior fossa surgery.

Background: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) occurs in 8-29 % of children undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Its main symptoms are mutism and emotional lability. Although it is always transient, recovery time can be lengthy with long-term cognitive sequelae.

Metameric pruritus as the sole manifestation of an intramedullary tumor in a toddler.

An 18-month-old child presented with persistent pruritus and excoriation involving the right T9 and T10 dermatomes. She did not exhibit any other dermatological or neurological anomalies. Based on magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the spine, T8 ganglioglioma was diagnosed and surgically removed resulting in resolution of the pruritus within a few days.

Chiari malformation type I surgery in children: French multicenter 10-year cohort.

Objective: Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is frequent in children and remains a surgical challenge. Several techniques have been described for posterior fossa decompression. No decision algorithm has been validated, and strategies are highly variable between institutions.

Collateral effects of targeting the nucleus pulposus via a transpedicular or transannular surgical route: a combined X-ray, MRI, and histological long-term descriptive study in sheep.

Purpose: In the context of regenerative medicine strategies, based in particular on the injection of regenerative cells, biological factors, or biomaterials into the nucleus pulposus (NP), two main routes are used: the transpedicular approach (TPA) and the transannular approach (TAA). The purpose of our study was to compare the long-term consequences of the TPA and the TAA on intervertebral disc (IVD) health through a longitudinal follow-up in an ovine model.

Methods: The TPA and the TAA were performed on 12 IVDs from 3 sheep.

Sustained Response and Rationale of Programmed Cell Death-1-Targeting for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

In this study, we report a complete (clinical, radiological, and virological) sustained (1 year) response after nivolumab salvage therapy in a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patient. Analyses of the cells infiltrate in a pretreatment brain biopsy suggest that parenchymal programmed cell death-L1 macrophages could be the T-cells partnership in immune exhaustion and virus escape.

Liver adenomatosis in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1A-MODY): Clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics in a French series.

Background: Liver adenomatosis (LA) is a rare disease resulting from biallelic inactivation of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A) gene, which induces the proliferation of adenoma cells in liver parenchyma. Liver adenomatosis has only been documented in case reports from patients carrying a HNF1A germline mutation. We have evaluated the frequency of LA among a large cohort of patients with HNF1A-maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), previously termed "MODY3," and herein describe its clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics.

The transpedicular surgical approach for the development of intervertebral disc targeting regenerative strategies in an ovine model.

Purpose: To investigate the suitability of the transpedicular approach (TPA) in a sheep model of IVD regenerative strategies METHODS: 24 IVD from four sheep were used. TPA and biopsies of the Nucleus pulposus (NP) were performed in 18 IVD (6 IVD control). Seven discographies were performed to assess the feasibility of injecting contrast agent.

Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric metastatic tumors of the posterior fossa at presentation.

Purpose: Presence of metastases in newly diagnosed pediatric posterior fossa tumors (PFT) is not a rare situation, but optimal treatment of associated hydrocephalus in these children has remained undetermined.

Methods: Twenty-nine children treated between January 2005 and December 2015 for a metastatic PFT associated with hydrocephalus constituted the study cohort. Patients were divided into three groups: ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and temporary ventricular drainage before or during tumor resection (PVD).

Mild head injury and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.

Purpose: Post-concussion syndrome is a well-described complication following moderate and severe head trauma but whether it occurs after mild head injury in children remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to mild head injury with potential additional risk factors (non-surgical lesion on computed tomographic, high kinetic trauma, or Glasgow Coma Scale <15) is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after the head trauma.

Methods: This study was performed in an emergency department on children admitted between 2009 and 2013.

Intradiploic growing skull fracture: review of mechanisms and literature.

Purpose: A rare case of intradiploic growing fracture of the occipital bone is presented. Examination of this case and literature review was carried out to find significant specific features of such a rare condition.

Case: A 4-year-old boy was operated on for a huge occipital intradiploic growing skull fracture.

Pore formation in a lipid bilayer under a tension ramp: modeling the distribution of rupture tensions.

The rupture of fluid membrane vesicles with a steady ramp of micropipette suction has been shown to produce a distribution of breakage tensions, with a mean that rises rapidly with tension rate. Starting from a lattice model that incorporates the essential features of the lipid bilayers held together with hydrophobic forces, and developing it to handle varying tension rates, we reproduce the main features of the experimental results. In essence, we show that the rupture kinetics are driven by the nucleation and growth of pores, with two limiting kinetics-growth-limited and nucleation-limited.

Atypical pattern of acute severe shoulder pain: contribution of sonography.

A patient presented with an atypical pattern of acute severe shoulder pain. Sonography elucidated the mechanism of the pain and allowed effective treatment. The patient was unable not only to move her shoulder but also to flex and to extend her elbow.

Factors associated with early-stage pulmonary fibrosis as determined by high-resolution computed tomography among persons occupationally exposed to asbestos.

Objectives: Asbestosis remains difficult to diagnose, particularly in its early stages. The aim of this study was to determine criteria for independently associated features of pulmonary fibrosis in high-resolution computed tomograms among persons occupationally exposed to asbestos.

Methods: Retired persons with documented occupational asbestos exposure and no known asbestos-related diseases were assessed for occupational, clinical, functional respiratory, and chest X-ray criteria.

Lattice model for the kinetics of rupture of fluid bilayer membranes.

We have constructed a model for the kinetics of rupture of membranes under tension, applying physical principles relevant to lipid bilayers held together by hydrophobic interactions. The membrane is characterized by the bulk compressibility (for expansion) K, the thickness 2h(t) of the hydrophobic part of the bilayer, the hydrophobicity sigma, and a parameter gamma characterizing the tail rigidity of the lipids. The model is a lattice model which incorporates strain relaxation, and considers the nucleation of pores at constant area, constant temperature, and constant particle number.