End of dose interval symptoms in patients treated with natalizumab: A role for serum cytokines?

Background: Many natalizumab treated patients experience end of dose interval (EDI) symptoms towards the end of the administration cycle. Natalizumab has previously shown to influence cytokine profiles in relapsing remitting MS patients. We hypothesize that EDI symptoms might be explained by variability in serum cytokine levels during natalizumab treatment.

Fluoxetine in progressive multiple sclerosis: The FLUOX-PMS trial.

Background: Preclinical studies suggest that fluoxetine has neuroprotective properties that might reduce axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To determine whether fluoxetine slows accumulation of disability in progressive MS.

Methods: In a double-blind multicenter phase 2 trial, patients with primary or secondary progressive MS were randomized to fluoxetine 40 mg/day or placebo for a period of 108 weeks.

Wall-eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) in a Patient With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Introduction: Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) is a variant syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, consisting of primary gaze exotropia, adduction impairment, nystagmus of the abducting eye, and vertical gaze-evoked nystagmus. It seems to be most frequently associated with multiple sclerosis, although other etiologies such as brainstem ischemia or hydrocephalus have also been described.

Case Report: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with subacute progressive oculomotor disturbances, resulting in the development of a WEBINO over a few days.

Fluoxetine in progressive multiple sclerosis (FLUOX-PMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Currently available disease-modifying treatments acting by modifying the immune response are ineffective in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), which is caused by a widespread axonal degeneration. Mechanisms suspected to be involved in this widespread axonal degeneration are reduced axonal energy metabolism, axonal glutamate toxicity, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Fluoxetine might theoretically reduce axonal degeneration in MS because it stimulates energy metabolism through enhancing glycogenolysis, stimulates the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and dilates cerebral arterioles.