Complementarity of mDSC, DMA, and DRS Techniques in the Study of and Sub- Transitions in Amorphous Solids: PVPVA, Indomethacin, and Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Indomethacin/PVPVA.

Recently, glasses, a subset of amorphous solids, have gained attention in various fields, such as polymer chemistry, optical fibers, and pharmaceuticals. One of their characteristic features, the glass transition temperature () which is absent in 100% crystalline materials, influences several material properties, such as free volume, enthalpy, viscosity, thermodynamic transitions, molecular motions, physical stability, mechanical properties, etc. In addition to , there may be several other temperature-dependent transitions known as sub- transitions (or β-, γ-, and δ-relaxations) which are identified by specific analytical techniques.

Impact of sodium chloride on the expansion of a liquid-liquid miscibility gap in an API/water system. Case study of Brivaracetam.

Brivaracetam, or (2S)-2-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-propyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl] butanamide, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient designed for the treatment of epilepsy. During the development of the IV administration mode, a liquid-liquid miscibility gap has been observed with pure water, isotonic and hypertonic solutions (vehicle at 0.9% w/w and 5%w/w NaCl respectively).

Solid-liquid phase diagrams for the determination of the solid state nature of both polymorphs of (RS)-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-butyramide.

This work focuses on the determination of the solid state nature of (RS)-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-butyramide (Etiracetam), the racemic intermediate of (S)-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-butyramide, an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, marketed under the name Levetiracetam(®). It is show how this information can easily be extracted from solid-liquid phase diagrams of the racemic system. As two polymorphs of Etiracetam are known (Forms I and II), the analyses have been performed considering both polymorphs.

Combining piracetam and lithium salts: ionic co-crystals and co-drugs?

Mechanochemical reaction of solid piracetam with the inorganic salts LiCl and LiBr yields ionic co-crystals which are also co-drugs, characterized by markedly different thermal properties with respect to pure components, also depending on the method for preparation and/or conditions of measurements; single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction at variable temperatures, DSC, TGA, hot stage microscopy (HSM) and intrinsic dissolution rate have been used to fully characterize the solid products.