Investigating the Burden of Traumatic Injuries and Access to Trauma Centers in Rural Riyadh.

Introduction: Trauma is a major cause of death and disability among young adults in Saudi Arabia, with a road traffic fatality rate three times higher than other high-income countries. The vast expanse of the Riyadh region comprises 21 governorates over 156,078 square miles, most of which is rural. Although delays in access to trauma care pose a significant mortality and economic burden, regions at highest risk of delays have not been previously studied.

Iloperidone and Temozolomide Synergistically Inhibit Growth, Migration and Enhance Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal astrocytic glioma with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Repurposing potential FDA-approved drugs like anti-psychotics can address the concerns in a timely and cost-effective manner. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with schizophrenic using anti-psychotics have a low incidence of GBM.

Clinician's approach for spectrum of orbital diseases: An overview.

Purpose: To study the varied clinical presentation and outcome of management of orbital diseases and to ascertain the concordance of FNAC with histopathology.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective interventional study wherein each patient's clinical presentation was noted. Outcome of management was evaluated based on symptomatic relief, regression of signs, noting any intraoperative or postsurgical complication, recurrence, and cosmetic result in terms of surgical scar.

Fidelity in Academic Global Surgery and Research: Incorporating Trustworthiness in the Development of Research Partnerships, Infrastructure, and Policy.

Academic global surgery consists of collaborative partnerships that address surgical inequities through research, training, education, advocacy, and diplomacy. It has been characterized by increased scholastic production through global surgery publications, dedicated global surgery sessions within scientific conferences, global surgery-specific research grants, database development to support global surgery research, global surgery research fellowships, and global surgery-based academic promotion paradigms. The increased emphasis on global surgery research has been accompanied by multiple ethical challenges.

Electrophysiological and Visual Parameter Changes in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients undergoing Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy: A Randomized Control Trial.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in suprachoroidal space and subtenon space in cases of retinitis pigmentosa, which is a genetic disease, leading to gradual loss of vision. Till date, no treatment is available.

Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 39 patients of retinitis pigmentosa having visual acuity ranging from reading of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart from 1 m onward to patients who were not able to read the ETDRS chart but whose visual acuity ranged from finger count close to face to <1 m were included in the study.

Modulation of Apoptotic and Akt/PI3K/mTOR pathways to target Glioblastoma Cells using synthetic compound PGEA-AN.

Objectives: To investigate the anticancer potential of a novel synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring diterpenoid against glioblastoma.

Methods: The in vitro study was conducted at the Ojha Campus of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from February to December 2021, and comprised U87 cells. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to determine the growth inhibitory effect of 16(R and S) - phenylamino-cleroda3, 13(14) Zdiene- 15, 16 olide and standard drug temozolomide against glioblastoma cells, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated.

Unplanned readmissions, community socioeconomic factors, and their effects on long-term survival after complex thoracic aortic surgery.

Objective: We evaluated community socioeconomic factors in patients who had unplanned readmission after undergoing proximal aortic surgery (ascending aorta, aortic root, or arch).

Methods: Unplanned readmissions for any reason within 60 days of the index procedure were reviewed by race, acuity at presentation, and gender. We also evaluated 3 community socioeconomic factors: poverty, household income, and education.

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience on its Implication and Assessment of Risk of Malignancy in Effusion Cytology.

Background: The "international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology"(TIS) consists of five diagnostic categories: nondiagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL). The study was conducted to reclassify effusion cytology samples according to the newly proposed TIS to calculate the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category and to conduct performance analysis.

Materials And Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care institution in North India.

Monotherapy with topical Natamycin to treat : A rare case from Central India.

Keratomycosis is common in Indian subcontinent. Diagnosis of the causal agent and successful management is a challenge for the clinician. is a rare fungus species, and it is relatively rare in causing keratomycosis.

Racial disparities in thoracic aortic surgery: Myth or reality?

Objective: We examined the relationship between Black or White race and adverse outcomes in patients who underwent surgery of the ascending aorta, aortic root, or aortic arch at our center.

Methods: We analyzed 2335 consecutive patients who identified as Black (n = 217, 9.3%) or White (n = 2118, 90.

Recent Advancements in Ion-Pair Receptors.

Over the past two decades, non-covalent chemistry has introduced various promising artificial receptors and revolutionized the host-guest chemistry. These versatile receptors have particularly been entertained in sensing and recognizing of diverse neutral molecules and/or ionic entities (e. g.

Modified small-incision cataract surgery for combined extraction - A comparative study of two techniques.

Purpose: To explore straight incision technique in terms of efficacy for intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering by small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) trab versus modified "frown" incision with triangular scleral flap technique.

Methods: This study was done at a tertiary health center. It included 44 eyes diagnosed with cataract and coexisting primary glaucoma that underwent SICS with trabeculectomy using modified "frown" incision with triangular scleral flap technique and straight incision in group A (n = 22) and B (n = 22), respectively.

Dough kneading exposure at the kitchen workstation: Influence on handgrip strength and implications for therapy in hand rehabilitation.

Background: Dough kneading is a commonly performed activity in the kitchen, which influences hand grip strength.

Objectives: To study the influence of dough kneading exposure on hand grip strength and to evaluate the effect of dough kneading intervention on hand grip strength with the purpose of recommending dough kneading as a therapeutic exercise for improving hand grip strength.

Methods: One hundred and fifty healthy females with varying levels of exposure to dough kneading, stratified as occupational dough kneaders, habitual dough kneaders and non-kneaders, were studied.

Tubercular granuloma arising from floor of orbit : A rare occurrence.

Introduction: Tuberculosis of the orbit is a unilateral entity commonly involving the bony wall, periosteum or soft tissue in left orbit. It is a rarity.

Case: A fifty seven years old female presented with a localised mass near inferior orbital margin.

Comparative analysis of inter-observer variability between conventional reporting system of salivary gland cytology with Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology.

Background: Interpretation of salivary gland cytology often leads to inter-observer variability due to heterogenous and complex nature of these lesions. This creates a dilemma regarding their management by clinicians. Proposal of a universal system of reporting of salivary gland lesions leading to agreement in diagnosis and better understanding among clinicians was the need of the hour.

Opuntiol Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells by Upregulating Active Caspase 3 Expression.

Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a deadly tumor with poor prognosis. Resistance to apoptosis considered as an important factor in treatment failure. Therefore, identification of new compounds that facilitates apoptosis is crucial.

Study to Evaluate Stress Among Ophthalmic Surgeons with Different Levels of Surgical Experience.

Aim: To assess and quantify the stress in two different groups of ophthalmic surgeons while performing cataract surgery.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective observational institutional study. Healthy ophthalmic surgeons (4 trainee surgeons and 4 consultants) and 4 OT assistants without any history of systemic illness were studied while performing uncomplicated and uneventful cataract surgery.

Medroxyprogesterone to treat corneal thinning postcurvularia keratitis.

Keratitis of varied etiology is not uncommon in the Indian subcontinent. This case is one such an instance of keratitis caused by dematiaceous fungus in an urban dweller not engaged in farming or any other soil/earth-related work. Although healing of the ulcer occurred in the usual course, thinning persisted for a fortnight.

Supplementation of l-tryptophan (an aromatic amino acid) in tris citric acid extender enhances post-thaw progressive motility, plasmalemma, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome, and DNA integrities, and in vivo fertility rate of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.

The aromatic amino acid l-tryptophan is an essential and versatile molecule, acts by transferring an electron to free radicals and protects the plasma membrane from injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of l-tryptophan in extender on semen quality parameters, in vitro longevity and in vivo fertility rate of buffalo spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Two ejaculates were collected from each bull (n = 2 ejaculates and n = 4 bulls) with artificial vagina at 42 °C followed by initial evaluation for volume, motility, concentrations and were diluted in five extenders (C = lacking l-tryptophan, D1 = 25 μ M l-tryptophan, D2 = 50 μ M l-tryptophan, D3 = 75 μ M l-tryptophan, and D4 = 100 μ M l-tryptophan) respectively, and cryopreserved.

Supplementation of green tea extract (GTE) in extender improves structural and functional characteristics, total antioxidant capacity and in vivo fertility of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the beneficial effects of green tea extract (GTE) in tris citric acid extender on post thaw structural and functional characteristics, DNA fragmentation (%), total antioxidant capacity (TAC, μM/L), lipid peroxidation (LPO, μM/mL) levels and in vivo fertility of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. GTE is a acknowledged natural antioxidant, act as a free radical scavenger and protects spermatozoa against oxidative stress. Three mature and donor buffalo bulls were used in this experiment.

The role of iron repletion in adult iron deficiency anemia and other diseases.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent and treatable form of anemia worldwide. The clinical management of patients with IDA requires a comprehensive understanding of the many etiologies that can lead to iron deficiency including pregnancy, blood loss, renal disease, heavy menstrual bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease, bariatric surgery, or extremely rare genetic disorders. The treatment landscape for many causes of IDA is currently shifting toward more abundant use of intravenous (IV) iron due to its effectiveness and improved formulations that decrease the likelihood of adverse effects.

Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An Experience with the Implication for Risk of Malignancy.

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established technique for evaluation of salivary gland lesions, but because of the heterogenicity and morphological overlap between spectrum of lesion, there are a few challenges in its wide use. Recently, "The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology" (MSRSGC) was introduced, providing guide for diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. The current study was conducted retrospectively to reclassify the salivary gland lesions from previous diagnosis and to evaluate the ROM in different categories.

Clinical and Cyto-Morphological Characterization of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Objective: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), despite being the uncommon subtype, contributes a major portion to mortality and associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytological criteria for the diagnosis of TNBC through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Material And Method: Clinical, cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) data of 256 patients were evaluated, and patient were classified as TNBC and non-TNBC phenotype by IHC.

Accuracy of biometry using automated and manual keratometry for intraocular lens power calculation.

Introduction: A comparison of precision of intraocular implant power calculation by computing keratometry values by two different methods, namely, the automated and manual keratometry (MK), was done. For checking this accuracy, the parameter taken into consideration was the absolute refractive error which was ascertained postoperatively.

Subjects And Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences and PG Institute, Indore.

Conjunctival Lesions: When Should We Perform Biopsy?

Introduction: The conjunctiva is a thin and flexible mucus membrane that provides a protective barrier for the eye. Very few histopathologic studies have been conducted on biopsies from conjunctival lesions (CL) in central India.

Objective: To study the spectrum of CL and define those lesions that need attention with regard to need of biopsy in order to prevent grave sequelae and ocular morbidity.