Biological strategies in rotator cuff repair: a clinical application and molecular background.

Conventional repair of rotator cuff tears bears a variable but significant risk of incomplete healing. Biological therapies that accompany surgical rotator cuff repair include platelet-rich plasma, stem cells of different origins, and biological scaffolds. Biological therapies facilitate the regeneration of the correct microarchitecture of the tendon attachment to the bone and reduce failures after surgical rotator cuff repair.

Mixed reality applications in upper extremity surgery: the future is now.

Mixed reality refers to the integration of virtual reality into the real-world environment. This digital content can be interacted with in real time. The emergence of mixed reality technology has been made possible by the introduction of head-mounted displays, which are being utilized across multiple surgical specialties.

Reliability of glenoid measurements performed using Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) of Magnetic Resonance (MRI) in patients with shoulder instability.

Purpose: Measurement of glenoid bone loss in the shoulder instability can be assessed by CT or MRI multiplanar imaging and is crucial for pre-operative planning. The aim of this study is to determine the intra and interobserver reliability of glenoid deficiency measurement using MRI multiplanar reconstruction with 2D assessment in the sagittal plane (MPR MRI).

Methods: We reviewed MRI images of 80 patients with anterior shoulder instability with Osirix software using MPR.

Biceps tendon autograft augmentation for rotator cuff and instability procedures: a narrative review.

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) and instability are the most common surgically treated shoulder pathologies. The concept of augmentation using the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) autograft was created to improve the results of surgical treatment of these pathologies, especially in cases of chronic and massive injuries. The popularity of using the LHBT for augmentation is evidenced by the significant number of publications on this topic published in the last 3 years; however, only one systematic review has been published regarding only LHBT augmentation for massive RCTs.

Isometric Shoulder Testing Using a Forcemeter Is a Reliable Method of Strength Evaluation.

Isometric strength testing using a digital dynamometer is reliable for muscle function evaluation. It allows us to objectify manual strength assessment measurement. We tested intra- and inter-observer reliability of a user-friendly efficient digital dynamometer-the Forcemeter-equipped with a computer program to monitor the measurements and to store the data.

Validity and Reliability of Inertial Measurement Units in Active Range of Motion Assessment in the Hip Joint.

Measuring joint range of motion has traditionally occurred with a universal goniometer, inclinometer, or expensive laboratory systems. The popularity of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is growing, enabling the small and even single portable device to measure the range of motion. Until now, they were not used to assess hip joint range of motion.

Shoulder Range of Motion Measurement Using Inertial Measurement Unit-Concurrent Validity and Reliability.

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the RSQ Motion sensor and its validity against the Propriometer and electronic goniometer in measuring the active range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. The study included 15 volunteers (mean age 24.73 ± 3.

Handball players have superior shoulder proprioception: a prospective controlled study.

Background: Proper proprioceptive and neuromuscular control is crucial for the overhead athlete's performance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the shoulder joint position sense (JPS) levels in overhead throwing athletes. The secondary aim was to confront the proprioceptive abilities with glenohumeral adaptive changes and pathologies among athletes.

Massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear treatment by arthroscopic partial repair with long head of the biceps tendon augmentation provides better healing and functional results than partial repair only.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of 2 treatment methods for massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs): partial repair (PR) and PR with long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) augmentation. Biceps tendon augmentation is believed to promote better healing at the bone-tendon junction, leading to improved clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study included patients with chronic, massive and irreparable RCTs involving both the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus muscles.

Shoulder Range of Motion Measurement Using Inertial Measurement Unit-Validation with a Robot Arm.

The invention of inertial measurement units allowed the construction of sensors suitable for human motion tracking that are more affordable than expensive optical motion capture systems, but there are a few factors influencing their accuracy, such as the calibration methods and the fusion algorithms used to translate sensor readings into angles. The main purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of a single RSQ Motion sensor in comparison to a highly precise industrial robot. The secondary objectives were to test how the type of sensor calibration affects its accuracy and whether the time and magnitude of the tested angle have an impact on the sensor's accuracy.

Shoulder arthropathy secondary to syringomyelia: systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to collect and evaluate clinical and radiological evidence on shoulder neuroarthropathy (NA) in syringomyelia (SM) that may support the management and treatment of patients with this condition.

Materials And Methods: This systematic review is based on the analysis of reports available in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using the following keywords: syringomyelia, neuroarthropathy, Charcot joint and shoulder degeneration. Thirty-nine publications were found presenting case reports or case series meeting our criteria.

Isokinetic and functional shoulder outcomes after arthroscopic capsulolabral stabilization.

Introduction: Shoulder stability is secured by dynamic and static stabilizers. Rotator cuff is responsible for dynamic stabilization. In cases of shoulder instability their activity is disturbed.

Shoulder arthropathy secondary to syringomyelia: case series of 10 patients.

Purpose: Neuroarthropathy is a progressive joint degeneration secondary to neurological diseases. In the upper extremity, the shoulder is the most exposed, and it is mainly caused by syringomyelia. This condition is rare; therefore, the literature has documented only a few case reports or case series of small groups of patients.

Clinical and radiological examination of bony-mediated shoulder instability.

The coexistence of glenoid and humeral head bone defects may increase the risk of recurrence of instability after soft tissue repair.Revealed factors in medical history such as male gender, younger age of dislocation, an increasing number of dislocations, contact sports, and manual work or epilepsy may increase the recurrence rate of instability.In physical examination, positive bony apprehension test, catching and crepitations in shoulder movement may suggest osseous deficiency.

Synovial plica of the elbow and its clinical relevance.

A synovial plica (fold) is normal anatomic finding, and occurs in 86-100% of cases; however, symptomatic plica is much less common (7.2-8.7% of all elbow arthroscopies).

Shoulder proprioception following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Unlabelled: Joint replacement affects the proprioception, as shown in knees, elbows, and shoulder studies.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate shoulder joint position sense (JPS) following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for patients with cuff arthropathy.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients that underwent unilateral rTSA (19 females, 10 males) and 31 healthy volunteers evaluated for JPS of shoulder using a dedicated high accuracy electronic goniometer.

Bilateral shoulder proprioception deficit in unilateral anterior shoulder instability.

Hypothesis And Background: Proprioception is an important element of shoulder dynamic stability. It has been shown to be affected in cases of capsular or labral injuries of the glenohumeral joint. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate bilateral shoulder proprioception by active reproduction of joint position both in patients with post-traumatic recurrent unilateral shoulder instability and in normal healthy volunteers.

Prospective outcome assessment of arthroscopic arthrolysis for traumatic and degenerative elbow contracture.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic elbow release for both traumatic and degenerative contractures from intraoperative recording through the recovery time until final follow-up.

Methods: The study is based on 54 consecutive patients with extrinsic elbow contracture (traumatic in 31 and degenerative in 23) treated with arthroscopic arthrolysis by a single surgeon in 2011-2015. Range of motion (ROM) and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were recorded preoperatively; intraoperatively; following release; and in the 1st, 3rd, 8th, 12th, and 26th weeks and at 2 years postoperatively.

Rotational glenohumeral adaptations are associated with shoulder pathology in professional male handball players.

Purpose: Glenohumeral range of motion adaptations may affect throwing athletes and contribute to shoulder injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shoulder rotation deficits among elite professional handball players and its correlation to the presence of shoulder pain and morphological changes.

Methods: Eighty-seven elite professional handball players and 41 healthy non-athlete volunteers participated in the study.

Effect of arthroscopic techniques on joint volume in shoulder instability: Bankart repair versus capsular shift.

Purpose: The evaluation of glenohumeral joint volume in both unstable (with/without laxity) and stable shoulders (subacromial impingement) and volume reduction potential of arthroscopic techniques: (labral anchor repair vs. capsular shift).

Methods: Material was based on 133 patients: anterior shoulder instability without laxity (group I, n = 49), with laxity (group II, n = 22) and subacromial impingement (control group, n = 62) operated in 2010-2011.

Reliability of measurements performed on two dimensional and three dimensional computed tomography in glenoid assessment for instability.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to establish which of two methods is more reliable in glenoid assessment for instability in pre-operative planning. Accordingly, we have studied the intra- and inter-observer reliability of glenoid parameters with the use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: One hundred glenoids were measured with the use of 2D-CT and 3D-CT (in 3D orientation) by two independent observers (one experienced and one inexperienced).

Directional asymmetry of upper limbs in a medieval population from Poland: A combination of linear and geometric morphometrics.

Objectives: Degrees of upper-limb bilateral asymmetry reflect habitual behavior and activity levels throughout life in human populations. The shoulder joint facilitates a wide range of combined motions due to the simultaneous motion of all three bones: clavicle, scapula, and humerus. Accordingly, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to analyze shape differences in the glenoid cavity and linear morphometrics to obtain the degree of directional asymmetry in a medieval population.