[Specific amplification of plasma exosome miRNA in cancer patients for construction of cDNA library].

Plasma exosome microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related with the occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We herein investigated the solution for tackling the unspecific amplification of plasma exosome microRNAs from cancer patients during the construction of its cDNA library.

High affinity monoclonal antibody targeting Siglec-15 for cancer immunotherapy.

Background And Aim: Recently, Siglec-15 has been proved as a novel immune suppressor and a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy, which is non-redundant to the well-known PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. Herein, anti-Siglec-15 mAb, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a high affinity against Siglec-15, was prepared.

Methods: The engineered CHO-K1 Siglec-15 cell line was constructed to heterologously expressed Siglec-15 for the affinity test with the mAb.

Natural lactucopicrin alleviates importin-α3-mediated NF-κB activation in inflammated endothelial cells and improves sepsis in mice.

Lactucopicrin, a bitter sesquiterpene lactone of leafy vegetables, such as chicory, curly escarole, and lettuce, possesses anti-malarial, anti-cancer and analgesic properties. However, it remains unknown whether lactucopicrin could inhibit vascular endothelial nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, a hallmark of vascular inflammatory diseases including sepsis. In tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated human or mouse aortic endothelial cells, lactucopicrin dose-dependently inhibited NF-κB activation, and concomitantly repressed both vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-mediated monocyte adhesion.

Lactucopicrin Inhibits Cytoplasmic Dynein-Mediated NF-κB Activation in Inflammated Macrophages and Alleviates Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.

Scope: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in macrophages aggravates atherosclerosis. Dietary plant secondary metabolites including sesquiterpene lactone lactucopicrin target multiple organs. This study is focused on the impact of lactucopicrin on NF-κB activation in inflammed macrophages and atherogenesis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Low Oral Bioavailability and Partial Gut Microbiotic and Phase II Metabolism of Brussels/Witloof Chicory Sesquiterpene Lactones in Healthy Humans.

Free and glycosylated sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), which are abundant in leafy vegetables including Brussels/witloof chicory, possess health-promoting effects in vivo. However, the pharmacokinetics of dietary source of SLs remain largely unknown. In this open-label and single-dose trial, sixteen healthy volunteers consumed 150 g of Brussels/witloof chicory juice containing 48.

Protocatechuic Acid Inhibits Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression in Older Apoe-/- Mice.

Background: Normalization of arterial inflammation inhibits atherosclerosis. The preventive role for protocatechuic acid (PCA) in early-stage atherosclerosis is well recognized; however, its therapeutic role in late-stage atherosclerosis remains unexplored.

Objective: We investigated whether PCA inhibits vulnerable atherosclerosis progression by normalizing arterial inflammation.

Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans.

Protocatechuic acid exerts multiple health-promoting effects such as anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection in animal models. While protocatechuic acid produced in the lower gastrointestinal tract by microbial catabolism of several flavonoids is bioavailable, the pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid has not been evaluated so far in humans following its oral consumption. In this open-label and single-dose pharmacokinetic trial, 16 healthy adults followed a low-phytochemical diet for three days.