Plasma omega-3 is not associated with appendicular muscle mass index in young and middle-aged individuals: Results from NHANES 2011-2012.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma omega-3 (ω-3) and appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI) in young and middle-aged individuals; and also to evaluate whether these associations are sex-specific. A cross-sectional study was performed evaluating 1037 individuals aged 20 to 59 years from a sub-sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Plasma ω-3 was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and lean mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Serum uric acid is positively associated with muscle strength in older men and women: Findings from NHANES 1999-2002.

Background: One of the causes of strength loss in older adults is the increased oxidative stress; thus, substances with antioxidants properties may have protective effects on muscle strength. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant and it seems to be positively associated with muscle strength in older adults; however, the current evidence is still limited.

Aim: To investigate whether serum UA is associated with muscle strength in older men and women.

Calcium intake is inversely associated with body fat in postmenopausal women.

Background & Aims: Calcium intake seems to be inversely associated with body fat in several populations; however, little is known about this relationship in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to associate calcium intake with body fat mass in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 107 postmenopausal women who entered in a lifestyle change program.

Serum Uric Acid Is Positively Associated with Muscle Mass and Strength, but Not with Functional Capacity, in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Background: Our aim was to associate serum uric acid (UA) with muscle mass, strength and functional capacity in kidney transplant patients (KTPs).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 113 KTPs. The fat-free mass and total and appendicular muscle mass were estimated by performing a bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Body Mass Index, waist circumference or sagittal abdominal diameter: Which parameter is better correlated with body fat changes in postmenopausal women after combined training protocol?

Objective: We aimed to verify whether exercise-induced changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) are correlated with changes in body fat (BF) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Seventeen postmenopausal women performed combined training three times a week, for 12 weeks. Correlations of delta (Δ) BMI, Δ WC, and Δ SAD with Δ total BF, Δ android and Δ gynoid fats were performed.

Association between omega-3 fatty acids intake and muscle strength in older adults: A study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002.

Background: Muscle strength is a predictor of mortality in older adults and some dietary components are associated with this variable; however, little is known about the association between omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) intake and strength in older adults.

Objective: To assess whether ω-3 intake is associated with muscle strength in individuals over 50 years. We also aimed to evaluate whether an isocaloric substitution of dietary fatty acids types by ω-3 intake could be associated with muscle strength.

Moderate Increase in Protein Intake Promotes a Small Additional Improvement in Functional Capacity, But Not in Muscle Strength and Lean Mass Quality, in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein·kg·d (recommended dietary allowance-RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.

No Improvement in Running Time to Exhaustion at 100% VO2max in Recreationally Active Male Runners With a Preexercise Single-Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse.

Background: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been used as an ergogenic strategy due to its central effect; however, the effects of this intervention during short-duration high-intensity exercises are not fully understood.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of CHO mouth rinse on time to exhaustion in a short-duration high-intensity exercise performed on a treadmill.

Methods: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted with 10 (24.

Protein timing has no effect on lean mass, strength and functional capacity gains induced by resistance exercise in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Short-term studies have shown that protein intake immediately post-exercise increases muscle protein synthesis. However, the effect of protein timing (comparing protein intake post-exercise vs. several hours after exercise) on lean mass and strength gains in long-term studies is still not fully elucidated.

Is there sufficient evidence to supplement omega-3 fatty acids to increase muscle mass and strength in young and older adults?

Omega-3 (ω-3) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties that presents three main forms: alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Recently, studies performed in both young and older adults suggest that ω-3 may improve gains in muscle mass and/or enhance physical function. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the current evidence of ω-3 intake/supplementation on muscle/lean mass (LM) and physical function in young and older adults, and draw research-based conclusions as to the practical implications of findings.

Isoflavone supplementation plus combined aerobic and resistance exercise do not change phase angle values in postmenopausal women: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation plus combined exercise protocol on phase angle (PhA) values in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women were randomly assigned in a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial divided into two groups: 100 mg/day of isoflavone supplementation (n = 16) and 100 mg/day of starch (placebo; n = 14). In addition, both groups performed a combined aerobic and resistance exercise during 10 weeks.

Comparison of predictive equations of lean mass in young and postmenopausal women.

Background And Aim: The lean mass (LM) is a predictor of functional capacity, quality of life, and mortality. In this way, the LM should be measured by reliable methods. However, it presents high cost and generally predictive equations are used in clinical practice, but little is known which is the best predictive equation of LM in women.

Anthropometric and demographic predictors of handgrip strength and lean mass quality in hospitalized individuals.

Background And Aim: Low strength and/or lean mass quality are associated with higher hospitalization and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main demographic and anthropometric predictors of strength and lean mass quality in hospitalized patients.

Methods: We evaluated 136 patients (18-86 years) of both sexes, admitted in a public hospital.

Higher Protein Intake Does Not Improve Lean Mass Gain When Compared with RDA Recommendation in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a higher protein intake on lean body mass (LBM) gain in postmenopausal women practicing resistance exercise and compare it to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommendation. Twenty-three postmenopausal women (63.2 ± 7.

Adductor pollicis muscle thickness has a low association with lean mass in women.

Background & Aim: Lean mass (LM) is a functional component of body composition and is an important parameter of nutritional status assessment. The adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) has been used as a predictor of LM, but it is not well known if this method presents a higher prediction of LM than simple anthropometric measurements, such as weight. Thus, we aimed to associate APMT (alone and plus weight) with LM in women.

Association between chronotype, food intake and physical activity in medical residents.

An individual's chronotype is a trait which reflects his/her diurnal preferences for the times of rest and activities, and displays a continuum from morningness to eveningness. Studies have shown that eveningness tends to be associated with a less healthy lifestyle, including increased likelihood of developing obesity. In this study, we examined the relationship between chronotype and food intake, physical sleep and activity in 72 resident physicians (52 women and 20 men).

Sleep pattern is associated with adipokine levels and nutritional markers in resident physicians.

Shift work and long hours of work are common in medical training and have been associated with a higher propensity for developing nutritional problems and obesity. Changes in leptin and ghrelin concentrations - two hormones that contribute importantly to the central regulation of food intake - are poorly described in this population. The aim of this study was to identify possible negative associations between sleep patterns, nutritional status and serum levels of adipokines.

Nutritional status and eating habits of bus drivers during the day and night.

The aim of this study was to compare anthropometry and food intake patterns in bus drivers working during the day and night. One hundred and fifty males (81 night workers and 69 day workers) participated in the study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Dietary patterns, metabolic markers and subjective sleep measures in resident physicians.

Shiftwork is common in medical training and is necessary for 24-h hospital coverage. Shiftwork poses difficulties not only because of the loss of actual sleep hours but also because it can affect other factors related to lifestyle, such as food intake, physical activity level, and, therefore, metabolic patterns. However, few studies have investigated the nutritional and metabolic profiles of medical personnel receiving training who are participating in shiftwork.