Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among the elderly. The survey analyzed data from 872 elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, through a cluster sampling, stratified according to education and income. A Poisson multiple regression model checked for the existence of factors associated with hypertension.

[Comparison of prevalence estimates for health indicators in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2001-2002 (ISA-SP) and 2008-2009 (ISA-Camp)].

The aim of the study was to compare prevalence estimates of health indicators for adults living in Campinas, São Paulo State, using data from two household surveys (ISA-SP 2001-2002 and ISA-Camp 2008-2009), analyzing data from 941 and 2,637 individuals 18 years and older, respectively. Socio-demographic variables were used to characterize the study population. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were estimated, and comparisons were performed by prevalence ratios adjusted for sex, age, and education, obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance.

[Physical disability and hospitalization in São Paulo, Brazil].

This study aimed to verify the association between physical disability and hospitalization in São Paulo, Brazil, based on a health survey conducted in 2008. The study used a probabilistic stratified sampling process (sex/age) with two-stage clustering (census tracts and households). Data were collected through structured interviews including thematic 21 sections, using mostly multiple-choice questions.

[Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and associated factors: a population-based study in São Paulo, Brazil, 2008-2009].

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical activity and related factors in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2008-2009. A population- based cross-sectional study interviewed 2,691 individuals of both sexes, 12 years or older. A two-stage cluster (census tract, household) random sample provided data using home interviews in 2008 and 2009.

Diet quality among adolescents: a population-based study in Campinas, Brazil.

We assessed the overall diet quality and adequacy of diet consumption of each component of the diet of adolescents according to demographic, socioeconomic and body mass index (BMI) data. A cross-sectional population-based study analyzed a representative sample of 409 adolescents, aged 12-19 years, using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). We estimated the prevalence of diets classified in the first quartile of the HEI and the average scores of each component of the HEI.

[Factors associated with smoking in the elderly: a health survey in São Paulo (ISA-SP)].

This article reports on smoking prevalence and associated factors in the elderly, based on a population-based cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling including 1,954 individuals 60 years or older living in four areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Overall smoking prevalence was 12.2%, and higher rates were associated with male gender, age 60-69 years, not belonging to an Evangelical church, lower income, low body weight, lack of leisure-time physical activity, depression/anxiety, and hypertension.

Household sampling in slums in surveys.

Objective: To identify the advantages and disadvantages of using segments compared to a complete address list, for the selection of households in a multistage cluster sampling in slums.

Methodological Procedures: A qualitative study was performed in four slums selected by the São Paulo Municipal Health Survey of 2008, and the two selection techniques were applied. Focal groups were performed with field researchers, including the persons making the list of addresses and the interviewers.

[Aging and self-reported hearing loss: a population-based study].

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported hearing loss among elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil, according to socio-demographic characteristics and to identify associated factors. Data were from the São Paulo Health Survey (ISA-Capital 2003), and the subgroup of elderly (n = 872) was analyzed. The χ(2) test was used to verify the association between self-reported hearing loss and socio-demographic characteristics.

[Diabetes mellitus: factors associated with prevalence in the elderly, control measures and practices, and health services utilization in São Paulo, Brazil].

This study analyzes factors associated with diabetes prevalence according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, health status, and lifestyle among 872 elderly living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in addition to health services utilization and control measures and practices. Reported diabetes prevalence among the elderly was 17.9%, a higher rate than in the adult population.

[Use of medication and associated factors: a population-based study in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil].

This article analyzes prevalence rates in the use of medication according to demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related behavioral variables through a population-based cross-sectional study of individuals 18 years and older (n=941) in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. The study used multistage sampling, both stratified and cluster. Chi-square test was performed, and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by gender and age, both with 95% confidence intervals.

Health-related behavior and quality of life among the elderly: a population-based study.

Objective: To assess the association between health-related behaviors and quality of life among the elderly.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out including 1,958 elderly living in four areas in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, 2001/2002. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey instrument.

[Factors associated with prostate cancer screening: a population-based study].

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of prostate cancer screening among men aged 50 years or older based on socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related behavioral variables and the presence of morbidity. A population-based cross-sectional study was performed. The following factors were associated with failure to undergo screening: age under 70 years; less than eight years of schooling; per capita household income less than one-half the minimum wage; not having diabetes; lack of visual impairment; and lack of visit to the dentist in the previous year.

[Factors associated with global and leisure-time physical activity in the elderly: a health survey in São Paulo (ISA-SP), Brazil].

The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of global and leisure-time physical activity and associated factors in the elderly. This was a population-based cross-sectional study covering a multiple-stage sample of 1,950 subjects 60 years or older living in areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Prevalence of global physical activity (assessed through the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ) was 73.

Physical inactivity and associated factors in adults, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of overall and leisure time physical inactivity and associated factors and types of exercises or sports modalities according to schooling in 2,050 adults from 18 to 59 years of age - state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with a stratified sample of clusters performed in multiple stages. Physical inactivity was determined using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ and by a question on the regular practice of leisure time physical activity.

Use of medicines by persons with disabilities in São Paulo state areas, Southeastern Brazil.

Objective: To analyze the use of medicines and the main therapeutic groups consumed by persons with physical, hearing and visual disabilities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, where data from the 2002 Inquérito Multicêntrico de Saúde no Estado de São Paulo (ISA-SP - São Paulo State Multicenter Health Survey), as well as the 2003 Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital - City of São Paulo Health Survey), Southeastern Brazil, were analyzed. Respondents who reported having disabilities were studied, according to variables that comprise the database: geographic area, gender, income, age group, ethnic group, use of medicines and types of drugs consumed.

Health survey: comparison of interviewees according to ownership of a residential telephone line.

Objective: To analyze differences in sociodemographic characteristics associated with health in individuals with and without a residential telephone line.

Methods: Data from the ISA-Capital 2003 (2003 Health Survey), a study performed in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, were analyzed. Residents who had a residential telephone line were compared to those who reported not having a telephone line, according to sociodemographic, lifestyle, health status and health service use variables.

[Self-reported diabetes in the elderly: prevalence, associated factors, and control practices].

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of self-reported diabetes in the elderly, identifying associated factors, knowledge, and practices related to treatment options. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with stratified clustered two-stage sampling in six municipalities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Among the 1,949 elderly, 15.

Physical disability, recent illnesses and health self-assessment in a population-based study in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: To investigate health self-assessment and to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and recent illnesses in people with and without physical disabilities (PD) in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study comprising two population-based health surveys conducted in 2002 and 2003.

Methods: A total of 8317 persons (165 with PD) were interviewed in the two studies.

Dietary quality index and associated factors among adolescents of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To assess dietary quality and associated factors in adolescents.

Study Design: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in a sample of 1584 adolescents living in areas of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the Health Eating Index (HEI), adapted to fit to the local requirements.

Health related quality of life among the elderly: a population-based study using SF-36 survey.

As life expectancy continues to rise, one of the greatest challenges of public health is to improve the quality of later years of life. The aim of this present study was to analyze the quality of life profile of the elderly across different demographic and socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages, involving 1,958 individuals aged 60 years or more.

Impact of chronic disease on quality of life among the elderly in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study.

Objectives: To assess the impact of chronic disease and the number of diseases on the various aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: The SF-36 Health Survey was used to assess the impact of the most prevalent chronic diseases on HRQOL. A cross-sectional and population-based study was carried out with two-stage stratified cluster sampling.

[Prevalence of self-reported hearing loss and attributed causes: a population-based study].

The objective was to determine the prevalence of self-reported hearing loss in four urban areas in São Paulo State, Brazil, and to describe the causes and socio-demographic variables. This was a population-based cross-sectional study with data on individuals 12 years or older living in the areas in 2001 and 2002. Participation included 5,250 subjects selected by two-stage probability sampling, stratified in clusters.