Cell membrane-bound toll-like receptor-1/2/4/6 monomers and -2 heterodimer inhibit enterovirus 71 replication by activating the antiviral innate response.

Host immune activation is critical for enterovirus 71 (EV71) clearance and immunopathogenesis. However, the mechanism of innate immune activation, especially of cell membrane-bound toll-like receptors (TLRs), against EV71 remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that TLR2 and its heterodimer inhibit EV71 replication.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia during 2017/2018, Chengde, China.

Community acquired-pneumonia (CAP) has varying causative pathogens and clinical characteristics. This study investigated the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae) and evaluated the clinical characteristics in infected hospitalized children by disease severity.From throat swabs of hospitalized children (5 months to 14 years) with CAP collected between November 2017 and May 2018, M pneumoniae and other CAP pathogens were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Orthohantaviruses infections in humans and rodents in Baoji, China.

In recent years, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) incidence has been becoming a severe public health problem again due to its significant increase in Shaanxi Province, China. Baoji, located in the Guanzhong Plain in the central part of Shaanxi Province, has been severely affected by HFRS since its first emergence in 1955. To better understand the epidemiology of orthohantaviruses infection in humans and the causative agents carried by the rodents, the long-term incidence patterns were analyzed and a molecular epidemiological investigation of orthohantaviruses infection in humans and rodents was performed.

Global profiling of the alternative splicing landscape reveals transcriptomic diversity during the early phase of enterovirus 71 infection.

The alteration of host cell splicing is a major strategy favouring viral replication; however, the interaction between human tonsillar epithelial cells (HTECs) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) has not been fully elucidated. Here, a total of 201 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3266 novel genes with coding potential were identified. A total of 3479 skipped exons (SEs), 515 alternative 3' splice sites (A3SSs), 391 alternative 5' splice sites (A5SSs), 531 mutually exclusive exons (MXEs) and 825 retained introns (RIs) were identified as significantly altered alternative splicing (AS) events.

Extensive genetic diversity of Anaplasma bovis in ruminants in Xi'an, China.

Anaplasma bovis is an organism significant to cattle and buffalo since it is one of the causative agents of bovine anaplasmosis. Previous studies have shown the worldwide distribution of A. bovis.

Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of Babesia gibsoni in dogs in Shaanxi Province, China.

Background: Several members of genus Babesia are important pathogens causing babesiosis in dogs. In China, at least five Babesia species have been described in dogs or ticks. This study sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of various Babesia spp.

Molecular detection of Hepatozoon canis in dogs and ticks in Shaanxi province, China.

Hepatozoon canis, transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is a tick-borne pathogen and causes canine hepatozoonosis. Until now, only limited previous studies were conducted on the molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon sp. in dogs in China.

Mosaic genome of Human Coxsackievirus A4 associated with herpangina and HFMD in Yancheng, China, 2016 and 2018.

Objectives: To better understand the spectrums of pathogens causing herpangina and circulation of Coxsackievirus A4 in Yancheng, China.

Methods: Stool samples from herpangina and HFMD cases were collected. Real Time PCR Kits was used to identify Enterovirus 71, CV-A16 and CV-A6, and nested reverse transcription PCR (nRT-PCR) to detect the other enterovirus types.

[LC-MS/MS Analysis on the Components of Excretory-secretory Protein of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae].

Objective: To analyze the components of excretory-secretory protein（ESP） of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae, and search for the anti-tumor protein components.

Methods: The Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were collected, and ESP was prepared. The ESP was separated in 15% SDS-PAGE.

[Effect of the excretory/scretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis on apoptosis of NCI-H446 small-cell lung cancer cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis on apoptosis of NCI-H446 small-cell lung cancer cells.

Methods: Trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae (5 x 10(6)/ml) were cultured in culture media for 24 h, the excretory/secretory proteins were collected from the supernatant of culture media. NCI-H446 small-cell lung cancer cells (No.