Dopamine Drives Feedforward Inhibition to Orexin Feeding System, Mediating Weight Loss Induced by Morphine Addiction.

Feeding behavior changes induced by opioid addiction significantly contribute to the worsening opioid crisis. Activation of the reward system has shown to provoke binge eating disorder in individuals with opioid use disorder, whereas prolonged opioid exposure leads to weight loss. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these phenomena is essential for addressing this pressing societal issue.

Heat acclimation defense against exertional heat stroke by improving the function of preoptic TRPV1 neurons.

Record-breaking heatwaves caused by greenhouse effects lead to multiple hyperthermia disorders, the most serious of which is exertional heat stroke (EHS) with the mortality reaching 60 %. Repeat exercise with heat exposure, termed heat acclimation (HA), protects against EHS by fine-tuning feedback control of body temperature (Tb), the mechanism of which is opaque. This study aimed to explore the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms of the HA training against EHS.

Inhalable biohybrid microrobots: a non-invasive approach for lung treatment.

Amidst the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases, the importance of effective lung treatment modalities is more critical than ever. However, current drug delivery systems face significant limitations that impede their efficacy and therapeutic outcome. Biohybrid microrobots have shown considerable promise for active in vivo drug delivery, especially for pulmonary applications via intratracheal routes.

Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are not effective for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and identifying the key gut microbiota that contributes to immune resistance in these patients is crucial. Analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing reveals a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) during MAFLD-promoted HCC development. Administration of Akk ameliorates liver steatosis and effectively attenuates the tumor growth in orthotopic MAFLD-HCC mouse models.

Broadening horizons: molecular mechanisms and disease implications of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is defined as an important process of cellular differentiation by which endothelial cells (ECs) are prone to lose their characteristics and transform into mesenchymal cells. During EndMT, reduced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules disrupts intercellular adhesion, triggering cytoskeletal reorganization and mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have proved that EndMT is a multifaceted biological event driven primarily by cytokines such as TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β, alongside signaling pathways like WNT, Smad, MEK-ERK, and Notch.

Humidity-Sensing and Moisture-Steering Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuator.

A liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuator capable of colorimetric humidity sensing is realized. The designed LCE features acid protonated amino azobenzene side groups in its structure, which endow the actuator with the hygroscopicity and act as the humidity reporter via color changes. Given that the protonated and deprotonated chromophore absorb visible light at different wavelengths, when the protonated LCE is under higher humidity, it absorbs more water that deprotonates azobenzene and leads to a change in color.

Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates the cancer stem cell like-properties and doxorubicin resistance by targeting HMGCR in breast cancer.

Background: Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a key bioactive constituent derived from Ligusticum wallichii Franchat, has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating multidrug resistance (MDR) in human breast cancer (BC) cells. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its action remain poorly understood.

Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely recognized as the primary contributors to MDR.

Reduce Flap Necrosis After Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background: Autologous breast reconstruction provides substantial benefits in terms of aesthetics and longevity. However, the risk of flap necrosis poses potential challenges to patients' appearance and psychological well-being, while also escalating health care costs. Consequently, examining the risk factors, assessment techniques, and therapeutic approaches for flap necrosis is critically important.

The Impact of on plant heat and drought tolerance.

In recent years, the global rise in temperatures has led to drought and heat becoming major environmental stresses that limit plant growth. Previous research has demonstrated the potential of in augmenting plant stress resistance. However, specific studies on its effects and underlying mechanisms in cuttings of , and Planch are relatively limited.

Disease burden of cancers attributable to high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2021 and projections until 2031 in China.

Background: High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) has been indicated as one of the important risk factors for cancers. This study aimed to estimate the disease burden of cancers attributable to HFPG in China from 1990 to 2021 and predict the burden until 2031.

Methods: The data of cancers attributable to HFPG were extracted from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 project.

The current situation and associated factors of preoperative frailty in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the current preoperative frailty status of elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery and identify its associated factors. The objective of this study was to provide clinicians with valuable insights for implementing frailty intervention strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 375 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery at a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, between October 2021 and August 2022.

A rare case of FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma with signet ring cells features.

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) is a clinically aggressive tumor with high rates of progression and mortality. A wide range of morphological variations has been observed in FH-deficient RCC, initially described as type 2 papillary RCC or unclassified RCC. Here, we report a case of FH-deficient RCC with rare signet ring cells features.

The influence of carbon dioxide on fermentation products, microbial community, and functional gene in food waste fermentation with uncontrol pH.

Food waste is a major problem faced by human beings. Acidogenic fermentation is an effective and feasible technology for resource recovery from food waste. The mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) hinders the utilization of fermentation products.

Perovskite in Triboelectric Nanogenerator and the Hybrid Energy Collection System.

In the context of escalating energy demands and environmental sustainability, the paradigm of global energy systems is undergoing a transformative shift to innovative and reliable energy-harvesting techniques ranging from solar cells to triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to hybrid energy systems, where a fever in the study of perovskite materials has been set off due to the excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance features. This review begins with the basic properties of perovskite materials and the fundamentals of TENGs, including their working principles and general developing strategy, then delves into the key role of perovskite materials in promoting TENG-based hybrid technologies in terms of energy conversion. While spotlighting the coupling of triboelectric-optoelectronic effects in harnessing energy from a variety of sources, thereby transcending the limitations inherent to single-source energy systems, this review pays special attention to the strategic incorporation of perovskite materials into TENGs and TENG-based energy converting systems, which heralds a new frontier in enhancing efficiency, stability, and adaptability.

Light-based therapies in the treatment of alopecia.

All types of alopecia, including androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and lichen planopilaris/frontal fibrosing alopecia, affect over half of men and women. Though a common dermatological experience, many patients with visible hair loss report significant psychological and social distress and, consequently seek treatment. Current existing therapeutic regimens have proven to be efficacious, though may result in various adverse effects and require lifelong use.

Promises of natural products as clinical applications for cancer.

Cancer represents a substantial threat to human health and mortality, necessitating the development of novel pharmacological agents with innovative mechanisms of action. Consequently, extensive research has been directed toward discovering new anticancer compounds derived from natural sources, including plants, microbes, and marine organisms. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of natural anticancer agents that are either currently undergoing clinical trials or have been integrated into clinical practice.

Targeting mitochondrial dynamics: A promising approach for intracerebral hemorrhage therapy.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major global health issue with high mortality and disability rates. Following ICH, the hematoma exerts direct pressure on brain tissue, and blood entering the brain directly damages neurons and the blood-brain barrier. Subsequently, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, brain edema, excitotoxicity, iron toxicity, and metabolic dysfunction around the hematoma further exacerbate brain tissue damage, leading to secondary brain injury (SBI).

Exploring Symptom Cluster Patterns in Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to scrutinize the progression of symptom cluster research in adult cancer patients who received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy between 2001 and 2023, providing a comprehensive understanding of clinical practice and future research.

Methods: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for theme words and free words related to symptom clusters, cancer, and chemotherapy. Eligible studies were published between January 1, 2001, and May 30, 2023; adults who were diagnosed with cancer and received primary or adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated.

Safety and efficacy of the MP1000 surgical system in robot-assisted radical cystectomy: A prospective study.

Background: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has become widely adopted due to its numerous advantages, with the da Vinci robotic surgical system being the most commonly used across the globe. However, the high cost limits its broader application.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of performing RARC using the more economical MP1000 surgical system.

Case report: Metastatic endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma with features of mucinous carcinoma.

Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the skin appendages. The tumor typically exhibits slow growth and rarely metastasizes to distant sites. Herein, we report a case of a 77-year-old male who presented with a skin lesion on the right anterior chest wall 23 years ago.

Association Between Sarcopenia and Acupressure Testing in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care.

: This study analyzed the relationship between pressure pain test outcomes and sarcopenia in elderly patients and explored possible clinical applications. : The participants included 143 older adults requiring long-term care who could be diagnosed with sarcopenia. Along with sarcopenia diagnosis, the participants underwent acupressure testing symmetrically at nine sites (occiput, lower cervical, trapezius, supraspinatus, second rib, lateral epicondyle, gluteus, greater trochanter, and knee), totaling 18 sites.

Electrochemical Properties of Powdery LiNiMnCoO Electrodes with Styrene-Acrylic-Rubber-Based Latex Binders at High Voltage.

Efforts to improve the energy density and cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries have focused on replacing LiCoO in cathodes with LiNiMnCoO. However, reliance on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as the binder limits the application of the LiNiMnCoO composite electrode for lithium-ion batteries. Here, we evaluate the electrochemical properties of a LiNiMnCoO (NMC111) powder electrode formed using a waterborne-styrene-acrylic-rubber (SAR) latex binder combined with sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

The Mechanism and Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: A Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the fastest growing diseases in terms of global incidence and seriously affects cognitive function. The incidence rate of cognitive dysfunction is up to 13% in diabetes patients aged 65-74 years and reaches 24% in those aged >75 years. The mechanisms and treatments of cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus are complicated and varied.

Pollution status and assessment of seven heavy metals in the seawater and sediments of Hangzhou Bay, China.

Hangzhou Bay, one of the fastest economy and population growth region in China, was heavily polluted by a large amounts of industrial waste water and domestic sewage containing harmful heavy metal pollutants. To investigate the status of heavy metals pollution and assess the ecological risks in Hangzhou Bay, seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As) concentrations of water and sediments were analyzed. Heavy metals concentrations in sediments close to the estuarine coast and nearshore area were higher than that in other areas.