Natural Products Targeting Tau Protein Phosphorylation: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, which are central to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of natural products in targeting tau phosphorylation, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease progression. It comprehensively summarizes current research on various natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, phenols, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, highlighting their multitarget mechanisms, such as modulating kinases and phosphatases.

The Nuclear-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Aging: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics.

Aging is a complex physiological process characterized by an irreversible decline in tissue and cellular functions, accompanied by an increased risk of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Central to this process are epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, which regulate gene expression and contribute to aging-related epigenetic drift. This drift is characterized by global hypomethylation and localized hypermethylation, impacting genomic stability and cellular homeostasis.

Case report: single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals the clonal origin of mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation in early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction: Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferation (MPDCP) is generally considered to be associated with myeloid neoplasms. To date, case reports of MPDCP associated with lymphoid malignancies are exceedingly rare.

Case Report: Herein, we report the case of a 69-year-old male who presented with multiple enlarged preauricular, cervical, inguinal, and axillary lymph nodes.

Associations between kidney function with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Abnormal kidney function is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the evidence between kidney function and mortality among Chinese patients with T2DM were still limited.

Methods: This cohort study included 19,919 participants with baseline T2DM from 2013 to 2014 in Jiangsu, China.

Deficiency of UBE3D in mice leads to severe embryonic abnormalities and disrupts the mRNA of Homeobox genes via CPSF3.

Neurulation is a crucial event during vertebrate early embryogenesis, and abnormalities in this process can result in embryonic lethality or congenital disorders, such as neural tube defects. Through our previous phenotypic-driven screening in mice, we have identified UBE3D as a key factor for the neurulation process. By generating Ube3d knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we observed that homozygous mice exhibited severe growth retardation and malformation, ultimately dying between E10.

Chemical Recognition and Spectrum-Effect Relationship of UPLC-MS Chromatograms With Anti-Complementary and Antioxidant Activities of Myricariae Ramulus.

Introduction: Myricariae Ramulus (MR) is a traditional anti-inflammatory Tibetan medicine derived from the branches and leafy twigs of various Myricaria plants, such as Myricaria wardii Marquand.

Objective: This study performed spectrum-effect analyses on 15 batches of MR, sourced from various origins and medicinal parts, to identify quality markers associated with its anti-inflammatory effects.

Materials And Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts and fractions from M.

Neanderthal adaptive introgression shaped enhancer region diversity without linking to lactase persistence in East Asian populations.

Positive selection at the 2q21.3 enhancer region for lactase gene () expression in Europeans and Africans has long been attributed to selection for lactase persistence (LP), the capacity of adults to digest lactose in milk, presumably because of the benefits associated with milk consumption. While considered a classic example of gene-culture coevolution, recently doubts have been raised about the link between selection at 2q21.

Phenotypic plasticity of Eurohypnum leptothallum in degraded karst ecosystems: Adaptative mechanisms and ecological functions driven by warming temperatures.

Phenotypic plasticity is a critical mechanism for plants to adapt to rapid climate change and other global change drivers. Eurohypnum leptothallum is widely distributed in fragile subtropical karst ecosystems, exhibiting strong drought tolerance, water retention, and soil stabilization capabilities, playing a vital ecological role in nutrient cycling and ecological restoration. Our study investigated the specific manifestations of phenotypic plasticity in epilithic E.

Preparation and bioactivities of chitosan nicotinamide derivatives and their application in the preservation of cherry tomatoes.

Three pyridine-3-formyl chitosan derivatives were successfully prepared, and the preservation performance of the derivatives was examined. According to the results, the derivatives exhibited better antifungal and antioxidant properties than that of chitosan. At a supply concentration of 0.

A dose-response meta-analysis of physical activity and the risk of alzheimer's disease in prospective studies.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an increasing global health challenge, particularly with the accelerated aging of the population. Therefore, preventive research targeting AD has become especially important. In recent years, physical activity (PA), as a potential non-pharmacological intervention, has garnered increasing attention from researchers.

Performance and mechanism of enhanced phosphorus release and volatile fatty acid production from Fe-P sludge via co-fermenting with agricultural wastes.

Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge, thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage. However, the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus species within sludge was difficult to release into the fermentation liquor. To address this, this study evaluated the enhanced phosphorus release performance from sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds (Fe-P) via co-fermenting it with agriculture wastes.

Analysis and Prediction of Melt Pool Geometry in Rectangular Spot Laser Cladding Based on Ant Colony Optimization-Support Vector Regression.

The rectangular spot laser cladding system, due to its large spot size and high efficiency, has been widely applied in laser cladding equipment, significantly improving cladding's efficiency. However, while enhancing cladding efficiency, the rectangular spot laser cladding system may also affect the stability of the melt pool, thereby impacting the cladding's quality. To accurately predict the melt pool morphology and size during wide beam laser cladding, this study developed a melt pool monitoring system.

[Determination of trace anions in G2-grade phosphoric acid using two-dimensional ion-exclusion-ion-exchange chromatography with valve-switching technology].

This study established a method for determining trace anions in G2-grade phosphoric acid under ultra-clean conditions that used two-dimensional ion-exclusion-ion-exchange chromatography coupled with valve-switching technology. The optimal flow rate of ultrapure water through the ion-exclusion column in the first dimension was determined to be 0.5 mL/min through comparative experiments.

A critical role of N-acetylation of cytidine in mRNA by NAT10 in T cell expansion and antiviral immunity.

Following activation, naive T cells exit quiescence and require global translation for rapid expansion, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that during T cell activation, cells upregulate the expression of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), an enzyme responsible for N-acetylcytidine (acC) modification of mRNAs. acC-modified Myc mRNAs show higher translation efficiency, enabling rapid synthesis of MYC protein and supporting robust T cell expansion.

Immunometabolite L-2-HG promotes epigenetic modification of exhausted T cells and improves anti-tumor immunity.

This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between the metabolic intermediate L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) and T cell exhaustion, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. In this study, we investigated the presence of exhausted T cells (Tex) in patients under certain conditions: HIV infection, chronic leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. To gain insights into the epigenetic signatures and transcriptome alterations in Tex, we employed a combination of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses.

Peripheral immune profiling highlights a dynamic role of low-density granulocytes in myasthenia gravis.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease marked by dysregulation of several immune cell populations. Here we explored peripheral immune landscape, particularly the role of low-density granulocytes (LDGs).

Methods: Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyzed peripheral immune cells from MG patients pre- (n = 4) and after treatment (n = 2), as well as healthy controls (n = 3).

Quantifying the fate of biogenic elements in mangrove aquifers: Insights from reactive transport modeling under saltwater-freshwater mixing.

Saltwater-freshwater mixing in mangrove wetlands drives complex biogeochemical processes that regulate the cycling and transformation of key elements. Yet, the detailed quantification of biogenic element cycling and transformations under saltwater-freshwater interactions remains insufficiently explored. This study developed a field-scale reactive transport model, constrained by multi-level monitoring and hydrochemical data, to investigate the migration, transformation, and fluxes of biogenic elements (C, N, S, Fe) in the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove wetland aquifer.

Ancestral origins and post-admixture adaptive evolution of highland Tajiks.

It remains debatable how many genes and how various the mechanisms are behind human adaptation to extreme environments, such as high altitudes. Despite extensive studies on Tibetans, Andeans and Ethiopians, new insights are expected to be provided with careful analysis of underrepresented highlanders living in a different geographical region, such as the Tajiks, who reside on the Pamir Plateau at an average altitude exceeding 4000 meters. Moreover, genetic admixture, as we observed in the current whole-genome deep-sequencing study of Xinjiang Tajiks (XJT), offers a unique opportunity to explore how admixture may facilitate adaptation to high-altitude environments.

The HTIRDB: A resource containing a transcriptional atlas for 105 different tissues from each of seven species of domestic herbivore.

Here, we describe the Herbivore Transcriptome Integrated Resource Database (HTIRDB, https://yanglab.hzau.edu.

Protocol for identifying protein synthesis activity in specific cell types of the testicular lumen.

Protein synthesis could control spermatogenic cell fate transitions. Here, we present a protocol for visualization and quantification of newly synthesized proteins by click-chemistry-based immunofluorescence within specific spermatogenic cell types in the mice testicular lumen. We detail the processes for O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) incorporation, antibody incubation, confocal microscope imaging, and subsequent quantification methods.

High APEX1 Expression Facilitates Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a serious malignancy affecting children and young adults; however, there is limited improvement in the survival of patients with OS over the past four decades. Molecular targeted therapy is a promising treatment strategy for OS. Apurinic/apyrimidinic exonuclease 1 (APEX1)-a key factor for DNA damage repair-is associated with OS proliferation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Autologous iPSC- and MSC-derived chondrocyte implants for cartilage repair in a miniature pig model.

Background: Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) have greater potential for generating chondrocytes without hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotypes compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs). However, there is a lack of research demonstrating the use of autologous iMSCs for repairing articular chondral lesions in large animal models. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous miniature pig (minipig) iMSC-chondrocyte (iMSC-Ch)-laden implants in comparison to autologous BMSC-chondrocyte (BMSC-Ch)-laden implants for cartilage repair in porcine femoral condyles.

CLDN6 triggers NRF2-mediated ferroptosis through recruiting DLG1/PBK complex in breast cancer.

We previously identified CLDN6 as a pivotal tumor suppressor in breast cancer and unexpectedly discovered that overexpression of CLDN6 resulted in characteristic ultrastructural alterations of ferroptosis. However, the exact mechanism by which CLDN6 triggers ferroptosis is still elusive in breast cancer. Our study showed that CLDN6 was associated with ferroptosis in breast cancer patients.

IgA vasculitis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists: clinical features, diagnosis and management.

Introduction: Anti-TNF therapies are commonly employed in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, yet they are associated with a rare side effect known as IgA vasculitis (IgAV), whose clinical presentation remains poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the features of IgAV linked to anti-TNF treatments to aid in prompt recognition and management.

Methods: Case reports on TNF-α-antagonist-associated IgAV dated up to February 29, 2024, were retrieved for retrospective analysis.