Association between depressive duration and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study 2010-2018.

Background: Depression has been found to be associated with cognitive decline, but whether longer depressive durations lead to more severe cognitive declines has not been investigated. We aimed to estimate the association between depressive duration and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Americans based on a large-scale representative population study.

Methods: We included 27,886 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2010-2018.

Mechanisms of QingRe HuoXue Formula in atherosclerosis Treatment: An integrated approach using Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, and experimental validation.

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. QingRe HuoXue Formula (QRHXF), a common prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has a definite effect on the clinical treatment of AS, but its mechanism remains to be further explored.

Purpose: The current study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the QRHXF in the treatment of AS and further reveal its potential pharmacological mechanisms.

A reciprocal relationship between mitochondria and lipid peroxidation determines the chondrocyte intracellular redox environment.

In orthopedic research, many studies have applied vitamin E as a protective antioxidant or used tert-butyl hydroperoxide to induce oxidative injury to chondrocytes. These studies often support the hypothesis that joint pathology causes oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation that might be prevented with lipid antioxidants to improve cell survival or function and joint health; however, lipid antioxidant supplementation was ineffective against osteoarthritis in clinical trials and animal data have been equivocal. Moreover, increased circulating vitamin E is associated with increased rates of osteoarthritis.

Spontaneous Resolution of Kyphoscoliosis Secondary to Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Case Report.

Case: Spinal deformity associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is not commonly reported. We present a 6-year-old girl who developed kyphoscoliosis after being diagnosed GBS. She had extensive motor deficits requiring 2 hospitalizations and treatment with IV immunoglobulin therapy.

Hsa-miR-181a-2-3p inhibits the oncogenicity of colon cancer by directly targeting STING.

Objective: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system, which is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression and biological role of miR-181a-2-3p in colon cancer and to investigate the molecular mechanism of its regulatory effect on colon cancer through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

Methods: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect the expression of miR-181a-2-3p in colon cancer cell lines and normal intestinal epithelial cells.

Solamargine acts as an antiviral by interacting to MZF1 and targeting the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus gene.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious threat to global health and can lead to a variety of liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. At present, there are mainly two kinds of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B at home and abroad: interferon (IFN) and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs). In recent years, natural compounds have been considered an important source for the development of new anti-HBV drugs due to their complex structure, diverse components, high efficiency, and low toxicity.

Prediction of Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients After Day-case Surgery With General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a major complaint after day-case surgery. The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors for POST and develop a stratified nursing model for POST after day-case surgery.

Design: This case-control study was conducted at Department of Anesthesiology of 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Dandelion inspired microparticles with highly efficient drug delivery to deep lung.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) embedded dry powder for inhalation (AeDPI) shows higher drug loading and delivery dose for directly treating various lung infections. Inspired by the dandelion, we propose a novel kind of AeDPI microparticle structure fabricated by spray freeze drying technology, which would potentially enhance the alveoli deposition efficiency. When inhaling, such microparticles are expected to be easily broken-up into fragments containing API that acts as 'seed' and could be delivered to alveoli aided by the low density 'pappus' composed of excipient.

Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways.

Various immune pathways have been identified in the host, including TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ immune reactions. While TH2 and TH9 responses primarily target multicellular parasites, host immune pathways directed against viruses, intracellular microorganisms (such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi), and extracellular microorganisms can employ programmed cell death mechanisms to initiate immune responses or execute effective strategies for pathogen elimination. The types of programmed cell death involved include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis.

qPrimerDB 2.0: an updated comprehensive gene-specific qPCR primer database for 1172 organisms.

High-quality primer design is essential for the success of all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based experiments. We previously developed a thermodynamics-based gene-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) primer database for 147 organisms, which has been used extensively in gene expression studies. However, the number of organisms and the imperfection of function in the database limits its potential applications.

Spinel-Type Structured Phosphor Near-Infrared-II Emission: Intervalence Charge Transfer and Hetero-Valent Chromium Pairs.

Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors draw much attention because they show great applicability and development prospects in many fields. Herein, a series of inverse spinel-type structured LiGaO phosphors with a high concentration of Cr activators is reported with a dual emission band covering NIR-I and II regions. Except for strong ionic exchange interactions such as Cr-Cr and Cr clusters, an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) process between aggregated Cr ion pairs is proposed as the mechanism for the ~1210 nm NIR-II emission.

Finite-time prescribed performance tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems with state constraints and actuator hysteresis.

In this paper, the problem of adaptive neural network prescribed performance tracking control for a class of non-strict feedback time-delay systems constrained by full-state is studied. Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are integrated into the backstepping medium to deal with the uncertain functions and the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) technique ensures that the state of the system does not exceed its limits. Subsequently, integrated with the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the proposed control scheme makes the tracking errors converge to the preset region while the state constraint is not violated.

Neutrophils Recruited by NKX2-1 Suppression via Activation of CXCLs/CXCR2 Axis Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.

NK2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) is a well-characterized pathological marker that delineates lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. The advancement of LUAD is influenced by the immune tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling. However, the involvement of NKX2-1 in modeling the tumor immune microenvironment is still unclear.

Enhancing Localized Electron Density over PdCu Decorated Oxygen Defective TiO Nanoarray for Electrocatalytic Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrocatalytic nitrite (NO ) reduction to ammonia (NH) is a promising method for reducing pollution and aiding industrial production. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient selective catalysts and ambiguous catalytic mechanisms. This study explores the loading of PdCu alloy onto oxygen defective TiO, resulting in a significant increase in NH yield (from 70.

Visible-light-induced tandem reaction of quinoxalin-2(1)-ones, alkenes, and sulfonyl chlorides.

A visible-light-induced tandem reaction involving quinoxalin-2(1)-ones, alkenes, and sulfonyl chlorides, catalyzed by 4CzIPN, was developed. The utilization of easily accessible sulfonyl chlorides, metal-free conditions, and a wide substrate scope established this protocol as an efficient and alternative method for obtaining sulfonated quinoxalin-2(1)-ones.

Polydopamine-Based Targeted Nanosystem for Chemo/Photothermal Therapy of Retinoblastoma in a Mouse Orthotopic Model.

Background: At present, the few photothermal/chemotherapy studies about retinoblastoma that have been reported are mainly restricted to ectopic models involving subcutaneous implantation. However, eyeball is unique physiological structure, the blood-retina barrier (BRB) hinders the absorption of drug molecules through the systemic route. Moreover, the abundant blood circulation in the fundus accelerates drug metabolism.

Molecular characterization of the SP3a gene, a negative regulator of viral infection in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

SP3 (specificity protein 3) is a transcription factor characterized by three conserved Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs that exert a transregulatory effect by binding to GC boxes, either upregulating or downregulating multiple genes or by co-regulating gene expression in coordination with other proteins. SP3 potentially regulates a series of processes, such as the cell cycle, growth, metabolic pathways, and apoptosis, and plays an important role in antiviral effect. The function of sp3 in fish is poorly understood.