Cynatroside B, a new anti-inflammatory C steroid from the roots and rhizomes of .

A series of C steroidal glycosides were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of (Bunge) C. Morren et Decne., including a new compound, cynatroside B (), and seven known compounds (-).

HS-releasing oridonin derivatives with improved antitumor activity by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Activating programmed cell death by delivering hydrogen sulfide (HS) has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Oridonin serves as a lead compound for drug development due to its unique scaffold and wide-ranging biological effects, especially its antitumor properties. Based on the previous structure-activity relationship studies, 33 novel 1-O/14-O HS-releasing oridonin derivatives were synthesized.

Design and synthesis of 6,20-epoxy A-ring modified oridonin derivatives with antitumor activity through extrinsic and mitochondrial pathways.

Oridonin is an antitumor ent-kaurane diterpenoid that medicinal chemists have been paying close attention to in recent years. Herein, a novel 6,20-epoxy A-ring modified oridonin derivative 2 was obtained by a 6-step synthesis. A series of 14-O derivatives of 2 (EpskA1-EpskA24) were synthesized to further enhance the activity.

Antidepressant-like effects of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. via modulation of monoamine regulatory pathways.

Sheng-ma is recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica and mainly originates from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. (CD), Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.

ADP-ribosylation, a multifaceted modification: Functions and mechanisms in aging and aging-related diseases.

Aging, a complex biological process, plays key roles the development of multiple disorders referred as aging-related diseases involving cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, lipid metabolism-related diseases. ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification onto proteins and nucleic acids to alter their structures and/or functions. Growing evidence support the importance of ADP-ribosylation and ADP-ribosylation-associated enzymes in aging and age-related diseases.

Three new phenols and one new lignan from Clematis terniflora var. manshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi with their anti-inflammatory activity.

Three undescribed phenols, mandshusica C-E (1-3) and a new lignan, mandshusica F (5), along with six known compounds (4, 6-10) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis terniflora var. manshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Mono-ADP-ribosylation, a MARylationmultifaced modification of protein, DNA and RNA: characterizations, functions and mechanisms.

The functional alterations of proteins and nucleic acids mainly rely on their modifications. ADP-ribosylation is a NAD-dependent modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. This modification is broadly categorized as Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation).

Production improvement of an antioxidant in cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA140.

Aims: This study aimed to improve the production of mutantioxidin, an antioxidant encoded by a biosynthetic gene cluster (mao) in Streptococcus mutans UA140, through a series of optimization methods.

Method And Results: Through the construction of mao knockout strain S. mutans UA140∆mao, we identified mutantioxidin as the antioxidant encoded by mao and verified its antioxidant activity through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance assay.

Sodium nitroprusside improved the quality of Radix Saposhnikoviae through constructed physiological response under ecological stress.

The ecological significance of secondary metabolites is to improve the adaptive ability of plants. Secondary metabolites, usually medicinal ingredients, are triggered by unsuitable environment, thus the quality of medicinal materials under adversity being better. The quality of the cultivated was heavily declined due to its good conditions.

Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides from Nakai leaves and their anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities.

Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides, namely Desmethylicaritin-3---D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)--L(4″--acetyl) rhamnopyranosyl-7---D(6''''--acetyl)-glucopyranoside () and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyl-8-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-flavonol-3---L-rhamnopyranoside (), and one with no NMR spectral data reported () were isolated from Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS analysis. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives.

Two new anti-inflammatory compounds from the roots and rhizomes of var (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Two new compounds named mandshurica A () and mandshurica B (), together with four known lignans (-) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of var. (Rupr.) Ohwi.

Icariin, the main prenylflavonoid of Epimedii Folium, ameliorated chronic kidney disease by modulating energy metabolism via AMPK activation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Epimedii Folium is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used in classic formulas, Chinese patent drugs and health care products for treating kidney diseases. Therefore, we speculated that icariin, its main component, might also have a good therapeutic effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim Of Study: To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of icariin on CKD.

Ginsenoside Rb for overcoming cisplatin-insensitivity of A549/DDP cells in vitro and vivo through the dual-inhibition on two efflux pumps of ABCB1 and PTCH1.

Background: The multi-drug resistance is an inherent weakness in the chemotherapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer occurring frequently all over the world. Clinically, ginseng and Chinese medicinal prescriptions including ginseng usually used as anti-tumor adjuncts due to its characteristic of qi-invigorating, which could improve the curative effect of chemotherapy drugs and reduce their toxic side effects. Triterpenoid saponins are the crucial active ingredients in Panax ginseng, and Ginsenoside Rb is of the highest quantities.

Four new compounds isolated from the rhizomes of (L.) 't Hart.

One new coumarin, one new flavonoid, two new distinctive compounds with characteristics of an iriflophene unit and a flavonoid unit connecting a furan ring, together with five known compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of (L.) 't Hart. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Systematic analysis of the material basis and mechanism of total saponins of mountain cultivated ginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity based on integrating network pharmacology and in vivo substance profiling.

Introduction: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a serious obstacle to oncologic treatment. Mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) exhibits stronger pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng (CG) mainly due to the differences in ginsenosides. However, the material basis and the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of total saponins of MCG (TSMCG) against DIC are unclear.

Two new dammarane-type saponins from radix and rhizomes of C. A. Meyer.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 6--[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)--D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3, 6, 12, 20-tetraol, named 20()-Ginsenoside Re (); 6--[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20--[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3, 6, 12, 20-tetraol, named 20()-Ginsenoside Re (); along with one steroidal saponin () and six known triterpenoid ginsenosides (, , , , and ) were isolated from the radix and rhizomes of mountain-cultivated ginseng ( ginseng C. A. Meyer, family Araliaceae).

Structure characterization and anti-fatigue activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used in China for more than 2000 years.

A glycoprotein from mountain cultivated ginseng: Insights into their chemical characteristics and intracellular antioxidant activity.

A glycoprotein (MGP2) from mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) was purified by Tris-HCl extraction followed by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The approximate molecular weight (27.0 kDa) and monomeric nature were determined by reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE.

New anti-pulmonary fibrosis prenylflavonoid glycosides from Epimedium koreanum.

Four new prenylflavonoid glycosides, namely koreanoside H-K (1-4), together with eleven known ones (5-15) were isolated from the leaves of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and UV. The identification of the sugar moieties was carried out by means of acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of their derivatives.

Fibrous Roots of Cimicifuga Are at Risk of Hepatotoxicity.

The cause of liver damage by using black cohosh preparation has been concerned but remains unclear. After a preliminary investigation, the black cohosh medicinal materials sold in the market were adulterated with Asian cohosh (Cimicifuga) without removing the fibrous roots. The safety of Cimicifuga rhizome and fibrous roots is unknown and has not been reported.

Total flavonoids in Nakai alleviated chronic renal failure promoting AMPK activation.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a result of the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a global health problem with a high cost of treatment and no ideal therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of the total flavonoids in Nakai (TFE), a dietary supplement, against CRF and to determine the mechanism of actions. An adenine-induced CRF rat model and a TGF-β1 induced human kidney proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cell based renal fibrosis model were established and used to evaluate TFE's efficacy.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides from ginseng.

Two new dammarane-type ginsenosides elucidated as 3-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)--D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)--D-glucopyranosyl]-20()-protopanaxadiol, named Ginsenoside Rb(); ()-6-O-Dglucopyranosyldammar20(22), 24diene, , -triol, named (20)-Ginsenoside Rh (); along with five known ginsenosides(, , , , ) were isolated from the radix and rhizome of wild ginseng ( ginseng). The structures were determined by chemical and comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and hydrolysis reaction.

Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity of Polysaccharides From Meyer.

Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of ginseng. To extract the most effective polysaccharides against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we isolated and characterized the polysaccharides from the mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) and compared their composition and cytotoxic effect with cultivated ginseng (CG) polysaccharide against HepG2 cell lines for the first time. MCG polysaccharides and CG polysaccharides were fractionated into two fractions such as MTPS-1, MTPS-2 and CTPS-1, CTPS-2 by salting out, respectively.

Research progress on naturally-occurring and semi-synthetic ocotillol-type ginsenosides in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae).

Ocotillol (OT)-type ginsenosides, one subtype of ginsenosides, consist of a dammarane skeleton and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Most naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides exist in Panax species, particularly in Panax quinquefolius, which may be attributed to the warm and humid climate of its native areas. Till now, merely 28 types of naturally-occurring OT-type ginsenosides have been isolated.

A metabolomics study of Qianliexin capsule treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone propionate in the rat model.

A metabolomics investigation of the treatment effect of Qianliexin (QLX) capsules was conducted on rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by testosterone propionate. Establishment of the BPH model was confirmed using the prostatic index. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for TGF-β, EGFR, collagen, IL-1 β, TNF-α was performed and changes in urine volume were measured.