Utility of the NLR and the ratio of NLR after and before adverse events for differential diagnosis of irAEs and bacterial infections in cancer patients treated with PD-(L)1 inhibitors.

Differential diagnosis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or bacterial infections is sometimes very difficulty in cancer patients undergoing treatment with PD-(L)1 inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in distinguishing between irAEs and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors. We conducted a retrospective analysis of cancer patients who received at least one dose of PD-(L)1 inhibitors at Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2018 to 2023.

Mannose-modified erythrocyte membrane-coated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharide PLGA nanoparticles to improve immune responses in mice.

This study developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biomimetic nanoparticle (Man-RBC-CVPP) containing Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharide (CVP) and coated with a macrophage-targeting mannose receptor (DSPE-PEG-Man) modified RBCM. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Man-RBC-CVPP enhances antigen uptake and immune responses in RAW264.7 cells and can induce an immune response in mouse macrophages by activating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.

Study on Oil Displacement Mechanism of Betaine/Polymer Binary Flooding in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Reservoirs.

As an efficient and economical method to enhance oil recovery (EOR), it is very important to explore the applicability of chemical flooding under harsh reservoir conditions, such as high temperature and high salinity. We designed microscopic visualization oil displacement experiments to comprehensively evaluate the oil displacement performance of the zwitterionic surfactant betaine (BSB), a temperature- and salinity-resistant hydrophobically modified polymer (BHR), and surfactant-polymer (SP) binary systems. Based on macroscopic properties and microscopic oil displacement effects, we confirmed that the BSB/BHR binary solution has the potential to synergistically improve oil displacement efficiency and quantified the reduction in residual oil and oil displacement efficiency within the swept range.

Deep-Learning-Assisted Understanding of the Self-Assembly of Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers.

The self-assemblies of topological complex block copolymers, especially the AB type miktoarm star ones, are fascinating topics in the soft matter field, which represent typical self-assembly behaviors analogous to those of biological membranes. However, their diverse topological asymmetries and versatile spontaneous curvatures result in rather complex phase separations that deviate significantly from the common mechanisms. Thus, numerous trial-and-error experiments with tremendous parameter space and intricate relationships are needed to study their assemblies.

6-methyladnosine of vRNA facilitates influenza A virus replication by promoting the interaction of vRNA with polymerase proteins.

6-methyladnosine (mA) modification is present in both positive- and negative-strand RNA of influenza A virus (IAV) and affects the replication and pathogenicity of IAV. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of mA in IAV RNA. In the present study, we identified the mA methylation of the viral RNA of different IAV subtypes and confirmed that mA modification promotes the polymerase activity and replication of IAV.

Nurses' Experience of Hospice Palliative Care for an Elderly Patient with Colon Cancer in the Terminal Stage.

Background: Hospice palliative care is used as a last resort to relieve the clinical symptoms of elderly colon cancer patients. The nurse is a key participant in the overall care process. However, little is known about hospice palliative care from a nursing perspective.

regulates gut microbiota and increases the effective metabolite luteolin to inhibit MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway to alleviate allergic rhinitis.

The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains high, posing challenges due to its chronic nature and propensity for recurrence. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to immune dysregulation, impacting AR pathogenesis. () has great potential in regulating immune function to alleviate AR symptoms.

Repetitive magnetic stimulation with iTBS600 induces persistent structural and functional plasticity in mouse organotypic slice cultures.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is well known for its ability to induce synaptic plasticity, yet its impact on structural and functional remodeling within stimulated networks remains unclear. This study investigates the cellular and network-level mechanisms of rTMS-induced plasticity using a clinically approved 600-pulse intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS600) protocol applied to organotypic brain tissue cultures.

Methods: We applied iTBS600 to entorhino-hippocampal organotypic tissue cultures and conducted a 24-hour analysis using c-Fos immunostaining, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, time-lapse imaging of dendritic spines, and calcium imaging.

Development of a PCR fluorescence sensor utilizing an upconversion FRET system for rapid and ultra-sensitive determination of Escherichia coli.

An upconversion-gold nanoparticle detection system that integrates PCR amplification and fluorescence resonance energy transfer was constructed to enable swift and highly sensitive identification of Escherichia coli. The forward primer used in the PCR amplification is modified with sulfhydryl groups, enabling its connection to gold nanoparticles via Au-S bonds. The complementary strand of the forward primer, which is attached to the upconversion nanomaterials, can hybridize with the free forward primer through base complementary pairing.

Case report: duplication-mediated autosomal dominant adult leukodystrophy in a Chinese family and literature review of Chinese patients.

Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a rare, slowly progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by central nervous system white matter loss due to gene abnormalities encoding laminB1. However, not all mutations lead to ADLD. Currently, two genetic alterations have been identified in association with the pathogenesis of ADLD: gene tandem duplication and gene upstream deletions.

Paternal age and neonatal outcomes: a population-based cohort study.

Study Question: Is paternal age associated with neonatal outcomes?

Summary Answer: Paternal age is independently associated with preterm birth (PTB) and caesarean section.

What Is Known Already: Advanced maternal age has long been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes. However, the association between paternal age and neonatal outcomes are not well established, yet it is biologically plausible that an increasing number of genetic and epigenetic sperm abnormalities in older males may contribute to adverse neonatal outcomes.

A natural biological adhesive from slug mucus for wound repair.

Slugs could secrete mucus with multifunctional characteristics, such as reversible gelation, mucoadhesiveness, and viscoelasticity, which can be harnessed for multifaceted biotechnological and healthcare applications. The dried mucus (DM) was prepared using slug, which can be adhered to the tissue surface through different types of interactions (lap-shear force, 1.1 N for DM-3 group).

Astragaloside IV- loaded biomimetic nanoparticles target IκBα to regulate neutrophil extracellular trap formation for sepsis therapy.

This study explored the novel mechanism of Astragaloside IV (As) in treating sepsis and its application through a biomimetic nano-delivery system (As@ZM). Sepsis, a condition of organ dysfunction caused by an abnormal host response to infection, poses a significant threat to global health due to its high mortality rate. Our findings revealed a new mechanism for As in treating sepsis, which involved the reduction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, potentially related to As binding with IκBα to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

Fraxinus mandshurica galacturonosyltransferase 1 and 12 play negative roles in cadmium tolerance via cell wall remodeling.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses critical risks to soil ecosystems, agricultural productivity, and human health. Fraxinus mandshurica, a widely cultivated tree species in landscaping and afforestation, exhibits heightened sensitivity to Cd toxicity. The cell wall, composed of various biological macromolecules, acts as a primary defense mechanism against Cd stress.

Improving compound identification results by automatically recognizing in-source fragment ions in HRMS with AntDAS: A study on accurate pesticide screening in complex food samples.

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been extensively used for compound identification in an untargeted manner. However, current methods still cannot accurately screen and identify compounds in the presence of in-source fragment ions. Here, we proposed an in-source fragment ion-based strategy to precisely recognize compounds.

Bilateral Synergistic Effects of Phototherapy-Based NIR-II Absorption Photosensitizer for Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent global health issue, affecting approximately 3 billion people, with its incidence increasing annually. The current first-line pharmacotherapy for symptom relief has limited efficacy and often results in notable side effects. Here, aza-BODIPY-based nanoparticles (RH@NPs) are developed that exhibit mild photothermal therapy (PTT) and type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) capabilities.

Using EEG technology to enhance performance measurement in physical education.

Introduction: The application of EEG technology in the context of school physical education offers a promising avenue to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the mental health symptom benefits of physical activity in adolescents. Current research methodologies in this domain primarily rely on behavioral and self-reported data, which ack the precision to capture the complex interplay between physical activity and cognitive-emotional outcomes. Traditional approaches often fail to provide real-time, objective insights into individual variations in mental health symptom responses.

Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Catalyst to Accelerate Sulfur Conversion Kinetics for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are highly attractive due to their exceptional theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg) and low cost. However, their practical deployment is limited by critical issues, including pronounced polysulfide shuttling and slow reaction kinetics. In this study, we report the development of a novel Mo-Zn bimetallic ZIF-8 catalyst designed to address these issues.

Scalable randomized kernel methods for multiview data integration and prediction with application to Coronavirus disease.

There is still more to learn about the pathobiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) despite 4 years of the pandemic. A multiomics approach offers a comprehensive view of the disease and has the potential to yield deeper insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous multiomics integrative analysis and prediction studies for COVID-19 severity and status have assumed simple relationships (ie linear relationships) between omics data and between omics and COVID-19 outcomes.

Self-Healing, Degradable, and Biobased Polyurethane Elastomer for High-Performance Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors with a Hump-like Microstructure.

Flexible sensors are widely applied in the fields of electronic skins and wearable devices, yet it is still a big challenge to effectively prolong the lifespan of the damaged sensors and reduce environmental pollution caused by discarded sensors after updating and upgrading. Herein, we proposed a self-healing, degradable, and biobased polyurethane elastomer for high-performance flexible pressure sensors. The elastomer synthesized using fatty diamine as a chain extender possessed a high tensile strength of 13.

Soybean hull polysaccharides ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed zebrafish.

Soybean hull polysaccharide (ASP), a pectic polysaccharide with potential effects on regulating lipid metabolism through gut microbiota and their metabolites, was studied to explore its regulatory mechanisms. The study examined the alleviating effect of ASP on high-fat diet (HFD) zebrafish through histopathological examination and biochemical analysis. Additionally, the lipid-lowering mechanism was analyzed combined with metabolomics and the proliferation of gut microbiota.

Transcriptomic and physiological analyses reveal that cytokinin is involved in the compound leaf development of alfalfa.

Alfalfa is one of the primary forages, and its yield is largely dependent on the development of its leaf. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism of compound leaf development, we isolated and examined the alfalfa phenotype Chuancao No.7, exhibiting five leaflets.

Focal adhesion kinase promotes aerobic glycolysis in hepatic stellate cells via the cyclin D1/c-Myc/MCT-1 pathway to induce liver fibrosis.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts during liver fibrosis and exhibit increased glycolysis. Phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) (pY397-FAK) promotes monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1) expression in HSCs to increase aerobic glycolysis and cause liver fibrosis. A combined multiomics analysis of C57BL/6 mice with tetrachloromethane (CCl)-induced liver fibrosis was performed to identify the downstream FAK signaling pathway.

Cognitive predictors of mental health trajectories are mediated by inferior frontal and occipital development during adolescence.

Laboratory studies show brain maturation involves synaptic pruning and cognitive development. Human studies suggest links between early cognitive performance and later mental health, but inconsistencies remain. It is unclear if specific brain regions mediate this relationship, and the molecular underpinnings are not well understood.